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FRANCISCO VILAR DE ARAÚJO SEGUNDO NETO
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FROM A DAM AND TRANSPOSITIONS TO SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES: TERRITORIALIZATION AND CONFLICTS BETWEEN PUBLIC POLICIES FOR FIGHTING THE DROUGHT AND LIVING WITH THE SEMI-ARID IN THE STATES OF PARAÍBA AND PERNAMBUCO
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Fecha: 21-dic-2022
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Hora: 15:00
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The problem of drought is intrinsic not only to the low volume of water resulting from rainfall, but also to its distribution over time and space. Although a series of natural climatic events occur that seem to conspire to portray drought in the semi-arid Northeast, there is no doubt that one of the main causes of drought is determined by historically existing political factors and social inequalities. During the historical process of formation of the semiarid region, several public policies were developed with the aim of combating the effects of droughts in the region. The dam policy was the most significant in this process of fighting droughts. However, despite the great impacts caused, the problems related to droughts continued to plague the population. It was necessary to adopt new actions and policies, as there was no way to end the drought, but it was possible to live with it. In the early 2000s, ASA Brasil, in partnership with the Federal Government, implemented the One Million Cisterns Program (P1MC), whose main objective was to build, in the semiarid region, 1 million slab cisterns. Improving the lives of families living in the semiarid region of Brazil, ensuring access to quality water, is the main objective of the P1MC. This program aims to meet a basic need, the most important of all, of the population living in the countryside, which is access to drinking water. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the conflicts between public policies aimed at water resources in the Brazilian semiarid region, their paradigms and their territorializations. On the one hand, actions to universalize access to water, seen as contemporary expressions of policies to fight/fight droughts, and on the other, policies for coexistence with the semi-arid region, developed by CSO and social movement entities. The spatial cut of this research comprises the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco. In general, by mid-2020, more than 233,000 cisterns were built in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, of which approximately 164 thousand belong to the P1MC. However, since 2014 the numbers related to the amount of financed and built cisterns have been falling substantially, causing a stagnation of the P1MC and the Cisterns Program, due to lack of investment by the federal government. According to the results presented, within the scope of the P1MC, it is clear that its performance in the state of Paraíba is stronger than in Pernambuco in terms of the percentage of people served, even if in absolute numbers of number of cisterns the table is the opposite. On the other hand, when it comes to cisterns financed by the MDS and from the Cisterns Program, the situation is inverted, with a strong participation of state and municipal political spheres in the process of implementing TSH in the state of Pernambuco. In 2011, the National Program for Universalization of Access and Use of Water - Water for All Program (PAT) was created with the purpose of intensifying the pace of service to families in rural areas of the Brazilian semiarid region, boosting access to water for this population that is constantly plagued by droughts. Between 2011 and 2014, PAT was responsible for the installation of 5,000 polyethylene cisterns in the state of Paraíba and just over 47,000 in Pernambuco, with DNOCS and Codevasf as responsible bodies. The impact of PAT, by means of polyethylene cisterns, was not very significant in Paraíba, covering a total of nine municipalities. The policies of living with the semi-arid region and the universalization of access to water, through plaque and polyethylene cisterns respectively, were simultaneous for years. Although they coexist, they deny each other. Their spatial coexistence is conflicting, because they start from different principles that lead to different paradigms, building different territories. While plate cisterns are the initial kickoff for practices of living with the semi-arid region, polyethylene cisterns date back to policies to combat droughts.
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THIAGO LIMA MATIAS
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PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTERS IN TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT IN STRENGTHENING THE TERRITORIES OF BORBOREMA AND EASTERN CARIRI IN THE STATE OF PARAÍBA PB
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Asesor : JOSIAS DE CASTRO GALVAO
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Fecha: 20-dic-2022
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Hora: 08:30
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The research aims to analyze the performance of Extension Centers in Territorial Development (NEXTAP/NEDET Borborema and NEDET Cariri Oriental - CNPq/MDA/SPM-PR No. 11/2014 - UFCG) with regard to crew management and mediation in decision-making processes of policies aimed at family farming in Rural and Citizenship Territories, from the duration of the Projects between the years 2014 to 2017. During this period, in addition to operating actions of the extinct Ministry of Agrarian Development - MDA and encouraging the participation of Public Universities and Federal Institutes in the search of knowledge and solutions for the problems faced in the field, the NEDETs Paraíba assisted the various Territorial Collegiates in the planning and programming of actions of social and productive inclusion in the field, also promoting the monitoring of territorial policy. In the theoretical methodological field, historical and dialectical materialism directs us to do not carry out a purely narrative and descriptive investigation of the facts, but also to seek the rescue of the cyclical historicity of the facts and to perceive the real performance of the social subjects present in order to unravel the conflicts , contradictions, interests and ideologies that are behind the discourses and also behind the results of the different actions in the Territories. For conduction of the work, we had the methodological support of documentary research, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires applied with the involved agents (coordinating professors, students and scholarship holders, political representations, etc.) in this organizational process. Through the analysis of the various research, extension and social management activities undertaken in these territories, we propose to carry out a study that favors the observation of operated policies as a source of geographic investigation. Thus, in this thesis we deffend the importance of territorial policy, that based on a procedural, cyclical and dynamic vision, passing through the planning, organization, monitoring and evaluation phases, implied a rupture in the concepts and practices of centralized and poorly participative management that mark the Brazilian public administration. The unprecedented experience of this government policy brought positive results both in improving the life conditions of family farming as in its organizational power, above all, through the social management promoted by the NEDET's in the analyzed rural and citizenship territories. Despite the failures in governance and participation of territorial agents, the results of the research show that with greater budgetary ease from an operational point of view, the NEDETs assisted in the recomposition of territorial collegiates and regularization of a schedule of activities (plenary sessions; meetings with the Directive Center, Thematic Assembles, territorial conferences of Youth, Women, seminars, etc.), as well as, dissemination of technologies and methods, and production of important data for policy evaluation within the Territories.
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LUCAS GEBARA SPINELLI
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ON THE TRAIL OF UNOCCUPIED LAND ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF PARAÍBA: A STUDY OF LAND GRABBING IN THE FORMATION OF PRIVATE LAND OWNERSHIP
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Fecha: 18-nov-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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This thesis intends to analyze the formation of private land ownership on the South coast of Paraiba from the theoretical-methodological perspective of the preavious accumulation of capital in the territorial formation of the South Coast of Paraiba, starting with the study of the chain of ownership of Fazenda Garapú, occupied by the MST (Landless Workers Movement) in 2017 and where two landless workers were assassinated in 2018. For this purpose, this study will present, from chapter 2 and on, an overview of the consolidation of private land ownership in Brazil and the land market that, since the colonial period, is based on legal forms of land dominiality guided by the private logic of land appropriation. Such formal pre-private propriety legal forms became predominant in opposition to peasant, indigenous and quilombola lands, conquered and occupied by the growing poor and free rural population in the country. Especially in Paraíba, at the end of the 18th century and throughout the 19th century, we observed the wide territorialization of the population over areas not being used by the large sugarcane monoculture. The Brazilian Constitution of 1824 considered private property as sacred, which kick-started the consolidation of large land areas in the name of rural oligarchies from the sesmarias and land tenures, both instituted since colonial times. The colonial legacy in the territorial planning of the country would give way to a territorial formation characterized by the increasing concentration of land in the hands of large squatter farmers, to the detriment of small land owners. The Land Law of 1850 would aggravate the scenario, creating the concept of vacant lands as synonymous with land without known owner. Said law converted most of the country's land into a vast state land stock available to powerful land owner, to the detriment of their occupants of tribal and village indigenous origin, quilombola and small farmers. From these two legal frameworks (from 1824 to 1850) we observed a list of land-grabbing actions, systematically created by agents of the land market to enable the forgery of documentation proving dominial ancestry, briefly understood as the invention of time marks associating particulars to a given rural extension. Although always updated in the face of the country's land-use legislation, this list of land-grabbing practices made it possible to concentrate land on an increasing scale by the country's nascent industrial capitalism at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, who simultaneously explored wage labor and land income (coming from the sale or rent of the area). Throughout the 20th century, these procedures continue to be used, circumventing legislation and agrarian law. Especially in Paraíba, we highlight the case of the south coast as an example of a territorial formation characterized by the concentration of private land ownership. In chapters 3 and 4 we demonstrate how the different moments of territorial planning were manipulated in favor of rural oligarchies eager for the expansion of their land domains over common lands (peasants, indigenous peoples, quilombolas). By researching source material of that time and undertaking field studies, mapping and production of cartography and chronology of facts linked to the formation of large rural properties of the south coast, we observed the reproduction of the list of land-grabbing practices, which are based in part on the legally inaccessible heritage of the Lundgren family. These acted as pivots for a secular squatting of public lands on the southern coast, which ensured the accumulation of private property and the appropriation of land rent by five large groups of private landowners. Private lands originated and consolidated in land grabbing.
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IZABEL CRISTINA DA SILVA
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AROUND THE WORLD WITH PARADIDACTIC BOOKS: CONSTRUCTIVE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING FROM GEOGRAPHIC FACILITIES
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Fecha: 05-oct-2022
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Hora: 14:30
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This research aimed to understand how the paradidactic books of the narrative genre, linked to the constructive evaluation of learning, which is developed from the Geographic Installation methodology, can contribute to the teaching and learning process of students in the 6th grade A, from Escola Municipal Arthéphio Bezerra da Cunha, located in the municipality of Serra Negra do Norte/RN, in the year 2021. The fieldwork was developed in the context of the pandemic caused by Covid-19. We started with online classes, then in person. Firstly, we drew a profile of the students, who had deficits in reading and writing, so we chose to work with paradidactic books of the narrative genre, due to their playful nature, allowing the selection of a language and writing appropriate to the students' profile. Based on these books, we developed methodological strategies, which started from the principle of dialogicity and questioning. The themes and contents of Geography are defined according to the reality of the students. At the end of each two-month period, we chose to carry out a constructive assessment of learning with the methodology of geographic installation, at which time the students materialized, using signs and symbols, what they learned during the period. This assessment, together with the textbooks and the methodologies developed, enhanced reading and writing, allowed students to understand that geography is part of their lives, in addition to learning to question, something so necessary for the formation of the critical subject.
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CLODOALDO BRANDAO COSTA JUNIOR
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The agrarian counter-reform in Brazil: analysis of the expulsion of peasants from rural settlements in Paraíba
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Fecha: 04-oct-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The insufficient performance of the Brazilian State in the structuring and viability of rural land reform settlement projects, capable of providing adequate conditions for the reproduction of settled peasants, has historically cast part of the members of this social class into a situation of intentional deprivation that forces them to leave the land they conquered. As a result, evasions in rural settlement projects are recurrent. In Paraíba, official data point to a 21% evasion rate, leading many settlements not even managing to reach and maintain the maximum capacity of families possible to be settled. A significant part of those settlers who leave have spent years and years in camps, deprived of adequate living conditions, and anxiously waiting to be settled, and they have no desire to leave the land after joining the National Program for Agrarian Reform. For this reason, this thesis sought to contribute to the debate by bringing the concept of "expulsion of rural peasants from the settlements", understanding that part of this process of evasion from the settlements is a symptomatic response, and not a casual one, to an unfavorable burden thrown upon the settled peasant who, with no options, leaves the lot even in the face of his desire to remain on the land. This expulsion is generated by the disregard for the settled peasant, by the delay in structuring actions, by the difficulty in accessing credit, by the complexity of being productively effective, by the breaking of deadlines for the formation of the settlements according to plans previously drawn up by INCRA, by the rupture of expectations nurtured by the settlers, by the constant threat of losing the land, among other mishaps that buffet the settled family to the point where the desire to remain is overtaken by the need to leave, thus being expelled. Thus, this thesis represents an effort to analyze the correlation between the process of expulsion of settled peasants from settlements in Paraiba and the agrarian counter-reform policy adopted in Brazil by the different federal governments, from the period of entry into the Military Regime until the removal of Dilma Rousseff from the presidency, evaluating the State as the main agent of this process. For this, the research is anchored in the theoretical conceptions of the contradictory, unequal, and combined development process of capitalism; of agrarian counter-reform; of the territory of hope; and, of course, of the expulsion of peasant settlers. In its construction, ample documental and bibliographic research was carried out, and the fieldwork was concentrated in the Paraiban settlements José Antônio Eufrouzino (Campina Grande), Serra do Monte (Cabaceiras) and Calabouço (Araruna); being developed through participant research, making use of oral interviews, photographic records and field notebook. This work identified enough elements to understand as true the hypothesis that the Brazilian State, intentionally and historically, promotes a policy of agrarian counter-reform that has culminated in problematic settlements and with difficulties in retaining its settlers, producing the expulsion of peasants from rural settlements in Paraíba.
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FLAUBER NUNES VIEIRA DE MELO
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THE SCHOOL OF THE CENTENNIALS: THE ROLE OF ACTIVE AND GAMIFICATION METHODOLOGIES IN GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION OF THE SEC. XXI
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Fecha: 15-sep-2022
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Hora: 14:30
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In the circle of academic research about education, there is a constant search for answers that can solve all the problems that permeate the teaching-learning dynamics. Through the search for didactic resources or the promotion of infallible methodologies, one notes the sale of solutions, seeming more like a panacea, that do not analyze with due care the perspective of the students who are the target of these proposals. Understanding that these young people make up a generation here called centennials, they have a form of consumption that is quite different from those that precede them, the way in which the school encourages this learning needs to be revised. The theme of this dissertation takes place in the association between different aspects related to the culture of young centennials, those whose birth takes place in the late 1990s, considering them through the influence of cultural media on them, so that, from such analysis, methodologies are constructed that consider teaching through an active bias. Among such learning perspectives, we chose gamification, which is put, in the context of the hypothesis, as a practice that can promote positive results in Education, in this case, applied to school geography. Thus, the main objective is to understand how the active methodology of gamification can relate to school geography, along with centennial culture. The nature of this research is basic and qualitative in approach. As for the objectives, they are presented aimed at an exploratory approach, since there is an interest in promoting a reading, both of bibliography and of third-party experiments, which encourages the understanding of the studied problem. As for the studied bibliography, we used, regarding the theory of teaching Geography in Carvalho (2020), Passini (2015) and Vesentini (2009), as for the study about games, we anchored in the studies of Callois (2001), Huizinga (2019) Salen & Zimmerman (2012). Still regarding the theoretical foundations, we start from the propositions of Alves (2015), Burke (2015), Deterding (2011) and Fardo (2013), scholars of gamification. As the research is focused on education, we started with Almeida (1987), Almeida (2013), Bacich (2018), Daros (2018) and Moran (2019) to think about education, considering the challenges of dialogue with native youth digital. Understanding that this dissertation is still in the development stage, the results presented are partial, as it will be theoretically complemented with studies focused on psychology produced by Amaral (2016), Coelho (2019), Goldberg (2008) and Prensky (2010) as well as the debates about the experiments already published on gamification applied to school geography.
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NÁDSON RICARDO LEITE DE SOUZA
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GEOMORPHOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF PLUTON BRAVO IN THE SEMI-ARID PARAIBAN: BASES FOR GEOCONSERVATION
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Fecha: 31-ago-2022
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Hora: 19:00
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Abiotic natural elements provide support for life on Earth, however, it is still
little attention paid to them when it comes to their maintenance. The present study is
characterizes as a basic research, proposing to specifically analyze the
geomorphological heritage of Pluton Bravo, a rocky body of magmatic origin
existing in the APA of Cariri Paraibano, in order to contribute with the policies of
geoconservation. The geomorphological formations stand out exceptionally in the
context of the granitic reliefs of the Brazilian Semiarid region, to the point of being attributed
heritage values. This uniqueness can be seen in the important and diverse
increasingly frequent studies carried out on site, on the growth of tourism in
specific and their inclusion in the list of territories able to integrate the list of Geoparks
do Brasil, by the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM), linked to the Global Geoparks Network
(GGN), in partnership with UNESCO. The attention given by CPRM focuses, however, on
in the geological aspects, with the geomorphological heritage in the background. From
from the most recent studies, from the surveys carried out by the CPRM and from the investigations carried out in
loco, eight geomorphosites are being inventoried, characterized and valued,
using, for this, two different methodologies, which evaluate the aesthetic values,
intrinsic, additional and use and management. The results obtained up to the present stage of the
research have pointed to the existence of a geomorphological heritage evaluated with
degree of importance from medium to high, justifying the need to improve the
active geoconservation strategies.
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LUCIENE FABRIZIA ALVES NASCIMENTO
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PEDAGOGICAL RESIDENCE PROGRAM: THE CONSTITUTION OF TEACHING KNOWLEDGE FOR THE INITIAL TRAINING OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS AT UFCG, CAJAZEIRAS-PB.
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Fecha: 31-ago-2022
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Hora: 15:00
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The central theme of this dissertation is to analyze the teaching knowledge of the residents in the Pedagogical Residency Program of the undergraduate course in Geography at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Cajazeiras Campus. The interlocutors are the residents of the Geography course at the Teacher Training Campus-CFP of UFCG, as well as the institutional coordinator, area coordinators and the preceptors. Having as space cutout the first term of the PRP between the years 2018-2019. The theoretical framework is based on the teaching knowledge along with the training of the Geography teacher with emphasis on the constitution of the knowledge of the undergraduate students of the Geography course of the CFP of the UFCG participating in the PRP. As a methodological aspect, it was developed in a qualitative perspective through the case study. The collection of the material was divided into two stages, in the first the documental research of the UFCG's institutional project and the PRP subproject of the Geography course at CFP respectively, through content analysis. Subsequently, we used two research instruments the questionnaires with the residents, about fifteen subjects, in parallel, the interviews with the institutional coordinator, the two area coordinators and the three basic education teachers of the participating schools, also called Field Space-EC, finally, and the interviews with a part of the residents selected from the previous instrument. The results showed how relevant the participation in the PRP was for the initial training of the residents of the Geography course, since it contributed to the correlation of the knowledge of teaching, and, in addition, they began to understand the school as an integral part of their training and professionalization together with their work in the classroom and in other spaces. However, the process for the institutionalization of PRP was conflicting, in view of the coup d'état nuances of its legitimization as a training policy. It was also diagnosed how much the teacher training policies developed by the CFP Geography course contributed to the improvement of knowledge, as well as new knowledge, reflecting on the improvement of training. As for the mobilization of knowledge in the Campos-EC Spaces, it was a challenge, given the difficulties faced by residents in correlating knowledge between theory and practice, considering the difficulty academia still has in developing this interaction in the course subjects. However, the residents were maturing the process of doing, so that the results of the mobilization of knowledge could be evidenced in school Geography, but also the discussions with the group were relevant to break such barriers. In summary, the experiences lived during the program were relevant to deepen knowledge, but also to learn other knowledge in the professionalizing space, developing in the residents an awareness of the plurality of the formative process, and, thus, to initiate reflexivity and emancipation of the future teacher.
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STÉPHANIE MEDEIROS DE LIMA
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Soil and Landscape Relationship in the Southeast Region of the Riacho do Tigre Basin - PB
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Fecha: 31-ago-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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Considering a large-scale landscape analysis for the Brazilian semiarid region, the relationship between soils and landscape is conditioned by climate and biome. In which the water regime is systematically pointed out as the main aspect that limits the development of soils in this region. However, on a detailed scale, it is possible to assess that the geological complexity of the semiarid region can be a factor that predominantly influences the modeling of the landscape, such as soil formation, as well as local climatic occurrences that can be inputs for the development of soils. In order to add perspectives on the distribution of soil classes as a function of the diversity of landscapes, this research encourages the use of the scale of detail for the analysis of soils in the semiarid as a function of lithology and geology. The study area corresponds to the southeastern region of the Riacho do Tigre-PB hydrographic basin, geographically limited by the coordinates 08º 04' 45 S and 36º 50' 52. The classification of the soils according to the description made in the field resulted in the identification of 5 first and third order classes. The classes are: typical dystrophic RED LATOSOL (P01), leptofragmentary eutrophic REGOLITHIC NEOSOL (P02), typical eutrophic REGOLITHIC NEOSOL (P03), humic eutrophic REGOLITHIC NEOSOL (P04) and typical eutrophic REGOLITHIC NEOSOL (P05). According to the granulometry data, ADA (Water Dispersed Clay), chemical and physical analysis data, the variation of coarse and fine material between the profiles showed indicators for lithological discontinuity identified by mapping. Thus, the results obtained present initial information about pedogenetic processes based on these spatial parameters.
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MARESSA OLIVEIRA LOPES ARAUJO
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Hourly analysis of the weather elements in Paraíba: from descriptive to geographic
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Fecha: 31-ago-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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The detailed analysis of atmospheric weather, from the understanding of its diurnal cycle, is directly related to the organization of daily activities performed by the population. For this reason, studies that address the variability of the hourly climatic elements are increasingly present (even if few yet) and necessary in the analysis of climatology and related areas. It is considered important the proposition of these studies to be carried out in a way that contemplates the most diverse conceptions about climate, that is, the traditional (for a result more directed to the daily life of societies); the dynamic (in order to have knowledge about the genesis of phenomena); and the geographic (putting into practice the rhythmic dynamics from the historical and exclusionary reality of the formation of geographic spaces). Given the above, this work has as its central objective the analysis of the atmospheric dynamics of the hourly climatic elements and their behavior during extreme events (with rainfall above the expected average for the locality) and extreme episodes (with consequences to the space of occurrence) of rainfall, in the state of Paraíba, between the years 2009 and 2019. Thus, from hourly data of the climatic elements (precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction) from the Automatic Weather Stations (EMA) inserted in the state, under the responsibility of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), more precisely in João Pessoa, Camaratuba, Areia, Campina Grande, Cabaceiras, Monteiro, Patos and São Gonçalo, it was sought, first, to translate the cyclical behavior of the weather. In this step, significant differences were found among the locations, such as, for the first five EMA's, closer to the influence of the sea: rains in the first hours of the day (06:00 and 07:00 hours); average temperatures between 22.0°C and 26.0°C, approximately; average humidity close to or higher than 70%; and characteristic winds, mainly, as light or weak breezes and directed southeast, east-southeast and south-southeast. For the other locations, where the continentality factor is more prominent, we have: rains in the last and first hours of the morning (19:00, 21:00, 22:00 and 01:00), average temperatures between 24.9ºC and 28.0ºC, average humidity between 51% and 61%, and winds varying between light or weak breezes directed east and east-southeast. Later, in the second stage, eight hourly rainfall events were selected from the maximum volumes recorded in each analyzed EMA (one for each), in order to understand their genesis and their weather variability together with the other hourly elements. In this, with the help of news reports from the online newspaper A União, it was found that not always high volume rains will have repercussions in space in such a way as to generate disasters, defining them as extreme events. On the other hand, those that have repercussions in the life of society, in this case with occurrence data only in João Pessoa and Patos, were considered as extreme episodes, once the affected environment and people were put in check. Finally, in the last stage, in a larger scale reality, in order to obtain more details, a reflective essay was brought to João Pessoa, from an extreme episode that affected the lives of residents of an area of "very high" degree of socio-environmental vulnerability, which is the Comunidade Tito Silva, located in the Miramar neighborhood, bringing to light how socio-environmental issues, especially when it comes to risk areas, require management and development planning and adaptation in the face of imminent and predicted risks in relation to climate. It is understood, from the results, the importance of knowledge about the variability of weather and climate not only by researchers and governments, but as a whole society, in order to carry out adaptation actions in DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction.
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FERNANDO VIEIRA DA SILVA
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TEMPORARY MIGRATION OF WORKERS FROM SÃO JOSÉ DE PIRANHAS-PB TO SUGARCANE CUTTING IN SÃO PAULO AND BAHIA: CAUSES AND IMPACTS FOR THE PLACE OF ORIGIN
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Fecha: 30-ago-2022
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Hora: 20:00
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The creation of government programs such as PROÁLCOOL and PLANALSÚCAR encouraged a large part of the contingent of workers, migrants from small municipalities in the Northeast region, who formerly sought mainly the large metropolises of the Southeast, to start seasonally heading to the interior of São Paulo for jobs of the sugarcane harvest, a fact that started to happen between the 1970s and 1980s, extending significantly to the present day. In this way, wage employment in the cane sugar plant has changed not only the lives of migrants and their families, as they are directly linked to the activity, but it has also significantly impacted the dynamics of the municipalities of origin, as is the case of São José de Piranhas in Paraíba, interior of Brazil. For this reason, the choice of this municipality as a spatial clipping of this research is justified by the great protagonism of this place as one of the main points of migratory origin from Paraíba to the sugarcane cutting, in which hundreds of people leave their homes and head to get a job in the sugarcane plants in São Paulo and more recently in Bahia, northeast region of Brazil. Thus, the main objective of the research is to analyze the dynamics and the local consequences of the temporary migration process of workers in São José de Piranhas-Paraíba to cut sugarcane in the cities of São Paulo and Bahia. Therefore, in this way, the migratory process in the Northeast and this municipality is discussed, thus emphasizing the changes that have been taking place in this process, especially from the 20th century onwards. The main subjects involved in the local migratory phenomenon are characterized, also highlighting the role of the female figure. In addition, not least, it examines the dynamics of the place and its relations with the migratory phenomenon, focusing mainly on the relationship between cause and effect. The methodological course followed consists of several steps, from reading bibliographies relevant to the theme to the systematization of the data obtained. The primary data are the result of semi-structured interviews carried out with 50 migrants and 20 women, 15 wives, and 5 mothers, all living in different locations in the municipality. Three owners of construction material stores in the municipality were also interviewed, two responsible for the Human Resources sector of sugarcane in the State of Bahia, Brazil, and the person responsible for the real estate agency that manages the largest subdivision in São José de Piranhas, state of Paraiba. Other complementary information comes from the Rural Workers Union and digital platforms such as Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. Therefore, the methodology used allowed us to understand the life situation of the people involved in this phenomenon and consequently the weaknesses of the place of origin, in addition to endorsing this debate within the scope of the social sciences. The results show that factors such as lack of work and income added to the lack of access to land ownership and the insufficiency of public policies and social programs have figured among the main factors of the expulsion of these workers. They also show that, despite being temporary, local migrations have worked as an important tool for improving the quality of life of families. These changes, however, take place beyond the family, as they are strongly felt in different segments of the municipality such as commerce, real estate, land, and even in the local culture.
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NATÁLIA FARIAS DE BARROS
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TEACHING BOOKS ON GEOGRAPHY AND BRAZILIAN RACIALIST THOUGHT IN THE FORMULATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY DURING THE FIRST REPUBLIC
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Fecha: 29-ago-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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The Brazilian national identity is a theme which guides researchers to investigate its formulation through the historical path of consolidation of what was territorially delimited as Brazil. The history of the Brazilian territory contributes significantly to this thought, which transits among geographical, cultural, scientific and racial aspects, taking into account that, starting from an exploratory relationship between colony and metropolis, the relationships that were (re)formulated on this side of Atlantic, graphs a model of organization that expresses such structures in a hierarchical and oppressive model. From this contact between the European and American continents, marked by the colonization experience, which was fundamentally based on the exploitation of land and the slave system, it ended up outlining in Brazil, as a nation-state, central aspects in social relations, as well as in the institutions. Thus, this colonial relationship traced geo-historically, in the Brazilian reality, obstacles that, responding to a national project, aimed at homogenizing social models and standards through scientific answers and theses, a project that intensified throughout the First Republic. Race, in this historical scenario of the new times of modernity, is presented as a possibility of thinking about a healthy and developed nation, since, through biological, anthropological and geographical explanations, the traits considered as degenerating and backward, could be avoided or erased from society, materially and symbolically. Geography, as a school subject, presented, through textbooks from the period of the First Republic, relevant contributions in the construction of these discourses that hierarchized races, starting from a symbolic and phenotypic glorification of white populations as opposed to the depreciation of aesthetic, cultural, religious aspects and phenotypic characteristics of black populations. The Brazilian national identity, therefore, was formulated between 1889 and 1930, from a complex plot that involves the historical course of Brazil as a nation-state, of Geography as a school subject and of racialist theories that were guided by the hierarchical bias of the colonial western society.
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YASMIN CYNARA DE OLIVEIRA GUIMARAES
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DELIMITATION OF THE BUFFERING ZONE OF THE STATE PARK PEDRA DA BOCA, ARARUNA-PB: PROPOSAL FOR SECTORIZATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE
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Asesor : CAMILA CUNICO
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Fecha: 26-ago-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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Protected areas in Brazil, governed by Law No. 9.985/2000, have legal instruments that aim to effect environmental preservation. Among them, we mention the buffer zone, an important legal instrument for environmental preservation, widely discussed in this dissertation. The Pedra da Boca State Park, which is located in the municipality of Araruna - PB, created on February 7, 2000 through state decree n° 20.889, until the completion date of this research still does not have all its legal instruments created and among them, the buffer zone stands out. The Park presents in its landscape a complex of rocky outcrops of great grandeur and scenic beauty, characteristics of fundamental influence for its creation as a conservation unit. In this context, the objective is to present a proposal for a buffer zone for the aforementioned Park, in accordance with the current resolution that points out directions on it, CONAMA 482/2011, where it is specified that the said zone must correspond to a radius of three kilometers. starting from the delimitation of the conservation unit in question. After the delimitation, it is proposed the sectorization of this area, in order to quantify and spatialize the existing homologous zones that are similar in landscape, or that perform the same function. In addition to these sectors, it was interesting to use the data available in the Rural Environmental Registry referring to springs, permanent preservation areas, legal reserves and native vegetation, given the fact that these areas existed beforehand and specific legislation, that is, the Forest Code for its treatment, the existence of an overlap of areas and legal instruments with different purposes is highlighted here. Subsequently, a diagnosis aimed at conflicting uses present in the area is proposed in order to build specific recommendations based on what already exists in the literature for each identified sector, aiming at the effectiveness of the function of the buffer zone, which corresponds to minimizing the impacts that may fall on the conservation unit. It should be noted that the purpose of the recommendations is not limited to restrictions, but the conscious use of the area. The diagnosis will guide the construction of recommendations, aimed at meeting social, economic and environmental aspects in order to establish a beneficial and balanced relationship between these three areas. The spatialization of these recommendations generates a prognostic map, making it possible to visualize the area in case the recommendations are applied, in addition to classifying the sectors delimited in two different damping levels. Separating the areas into two levels of damping, they are the level that provides greater damping to the conservation unit, where the areas are classified by a lower level of human intervention and greater preservation of vegetation and ecosystems, and the second level of damping. greater anthropic intervention. This division into levels aims at greater care with specific areas, especially those that provide significant buffering to the matrix aiming at long-term work.
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PEDRO WALLAS SOARES DE ARAUJO FELIX
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CORRELATION BETWEEN TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN THE PEDAGOGICAL COURSE PROJECT (PPC) AND IN THE LICENSE MONOGRAPHIES IN GEOGRAPHY OF THE REGIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CARIRI-URCA
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Fecha: 23-ago-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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According to some researchers, teacher education can be strengthened in academia when it adopts research as guidance. In this sense, it is important to discuss the process that allows you to think about its qualification. The teacher training in Geography can be guided by processes that activate these actions of problematization and reflection by the subjects who compose it. In agreement with Girotto and Mormul (2016), we believe that these actions can encourage undergraduates to develop qualified educational projects for society. In this context, the curriculum of the Geography course, currently called the Pedagogical Project of the Course (PPC), constitutes a guide of this process, because from it, teachers and students base the organization of their pedagogical knowledge, specific knowledge and experience (PIMENTA, 1999), and the reflection on the propositions that are established in this document is of great relevance. Thus, the present work approaches the process of training the undergraduate in Geography, aiming to understand the role of research in this discipline. In this sense, we start from the documental analysis, and then, we analyze the instances where research is stimulated and its relationship with teacher education. Thus, we select a document that guides this training, the Pedagogical Project of the Course (PPC), and those whose legal principle is to guide its elaboration, the National Curriculum Guidelines DCN, and another group of documents that express, or can express, the role of research in the training of graduates in Geography, the Course Completion Work (TCC), in monograph mode. In addition to the documentary analysis, we used the interviews with the trainees, aiming to understand, from their written statements, how the relationship between research and its formation took place. In this perspective, we seek to understand the relationship between teaching and research expressed in the documents, and how this is developed by the undergraduates throughout their formation. Therefore, we try to understand what was pre-established about research, as a constituent of the undergraduate's education in the curriculum, and in the perspectives that the students were able to incorporate into their thematic and theoretical-methodological propositions in their course completion work.
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RAONI FERNANDES AZERÊDO
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CORPORATE SOYBEAN FARMS AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY: THE NEW LAND LORDS IN THE MATOPIBA REGION
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Fecha: 22-ago-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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In this thesis, I discuss the capital accumulation strategies of corporate soybean farms located between the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, known as the MATOPIBA region. These farms have distinct profiles, origins and economic strategies, but in common, they implement a system of regional productive land monopolization. Based on an original typology derived from qualitative research through bibliography, documents, field research with semi-structured interviews, I have defined seven groups of corporate soybean farms that have large-scale agricultural production capabilities, with professional management/corporate governance, external investments, and rent capture/land grabbing. In the implemented system, there is the use of land grabbing methods, which, as a whole, reveal a centralizing and concentrating character of the land market. The corporate farms that make up the seven groups control 3,854,997 hectares in 35 municipalities. I emphasize that the control of land is essential in the strategies of capital accumulation of the corporate farms, enabling profit from production and income through patrimonial valorization. As a trend, they maximize the concept of financialized land income by correlating investments in stock exchanges and massive presence of institutional investment funds. I conclude that the seven groups constitute new land lords who, by treating land only as a productive-real estate-financial factor, in close relationship with the transnationalization of capital, promote violence, expropriation, and exploitation in rural Brazil.
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MARIA MARTA DOS SANTOS BURITI
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PEASANT FAMILY FARMING AND PRODUCTIVE RESTRUCTURING
IN THE AGRIBUSINESS OF INDUSTRIAL CUTTING POULTRY IN THE STATE OF
PARAÍBA
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Fecha: 03-ago-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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Guided by the capitalist principle of multiplication of the gains through the conjunction of
agriculture, industry and market, productive restructuring has advanced in the Brazilian field
as a movement of transformation and contradiction: on one hand, it is driven by the
(capitalist) effort of forging a dynamic stage of uninterrupted growth, on the other hand, it is
pressured by the increasingly unsolvable limits of the capital development at present. As for
Paraíba, productive restructuring has created a scenario of socio-productive and territorial
changes with striking effects over the broiler industry, reorganized under forms of
accumulation more flexible and with incentives to the increase of the return of capital.
Strongly supported by the State, such activity was initially stimulated by the need to reassure
the rupture with rudimentary production bases, typical in the mid-1970s, and enter a new and
competitive technical, financial, marketing level given the increasing competition in Brazilian
poultry industry. With such diligence, the confluence of public and private investments soon
enabled the consolidation of the poultry agribusiness and its expansion as of the 1990s
through the integration system, which started articulating, in the production scale of broilers,
poultry enterprises and rural producers coming from both industrial and peasant family
farming. Given such scenario, productive restructuring began to be put in place in the field
through processes much more complex than the simplistic conjecture of homogenization
assumed by the market logic, since the non-capitalist relations appear as mediators of the
determinations prescribed by the capital throughout its restructuring. Based on such
statement, the purpose of this study was to understand the productive restructuring in the
broiler industry in the state of Paraíba and its impact on the field from the contradictory
relationship of interdependence between the capital production of agribusiness and the social
production in peasant family farming. Under the analytical principles of dialectic, we set up a
methodological path organized from a qualitative approach supported by a structured
bibliographical research, based on a theoretical-conceptual plan articulated by the concepts of
space, territory, peasant family farming and productive restructuring, as well as discussions
related to the characterization of the poultry agribusiness; and a field research in a region
comprising six municipalities (Pocinhos, Boa Vista, Soledade, Olivedos, Montadas and
Puxinanã), delimited according to variables that converge with the core purpose of the study.
The reflections made during this study enabled elaborating the thesis that the collection of
social demands from the integrated peasant farmer and the economic-productive demands
from the poultry agribusiness endorses a relationship of interdependence between both.
Although denied and compelled by the subordination bonds imposed by the integrating
companies, not only does it legitimate the peasant production conditions, but it can subsidize
the organization of forms of resistance by the integrated peasants facing the exploratory
relationship conducted by the capital in the agribusiness.
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TATIANA DOS SANTOS SILVA
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SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE DISASTER RISKS IN THE RAINFALL REGION OF CARIRI/CURIMATAÚ, PARAÍBA
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Fecha: 21-jul-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The studies on vulnerability are mostly developed in urban areas, since these are where the largest population contingents are concentrated, occupying risk areas subject to disasters such as flooding and mass movements. However, areas that have a semi-arid climate and are susceptible to a high succession of years of drought, which favors a greater occurrence in the outbreak of disasters, also have vulnerabilities under this scenario. In view of this, this research aims to analyze the different degrees of socio-environmental vulnerability to the risks of climate disasters in the rainfall region of Cariri/Curimataú, Paraíba. Regarding the methodological procedures, this research has two stages aligned with the methodological proposal defined by Cunico et al. (2021) and, through this, it was possible to identify the situation of infrastructure, income and social, which superimposed, resulted in social vulnerability by census tract; the susceptibility and socio-environmental vulnerability, the latter resulting from the superposition of social vulnerability and susceptibility. For each synthesis, as well as for social vulnerability, susceptibility and socio-environmental vulnerability, five classes were established, varying between very low, low, medium, high and very high vulnerability conditions. In addition, a survey of the ordinances of recognition of climate disasters and disaster forms was carried out, which provide information about the damage and losses triggered by them for the period 2003 to 2016, whose data is provided by the website of the Integrated Disaster Information System - S2ID, maintained by the Ministry of Regional Development. It was found that the infrastructure situation presents a good condition, i.e., it is inserted in the very low and low classes; the income situation presented a variation between the very low and high classes, with a concentration of sectors in the middle class and; in the social situation, the sectors are inserted in the very low to medium classes, being the low class with the highest number of sectors. As for social vulnerability, there is a higher concentration of sectors in the middle class, however, 21 sectors are inserted in the very high class. In terms of susceptibility, all classes have sectors inserted in it, and the low class has the largest number of sectors, totaling 176. Regarding socio-environmental vulnerability, the classes that indicate a high degree of vulnerability, established by the high and very high classes, total 52 census sectors, 39 of which are rural. With regard to drought disasters, it was found that during the 14 years of analysis, 642 occurrences were accounted for, affecting a total of 728,091 people. An economic loss of around R$ 362,317,767.50 was accounted for for the study area, encompassing the sectors of agriculture, livestock and services and, in relation to social losses, there is a record of damage to the water supply, education and health. Therefore, the research becomes important for the possibility of subsidizing studies of the theme in semi-arid areas, as well as for managers, aiming to mitigate the damage to which the resident population is exposed due to climate disasters.
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JULIANA RAYSSA SILVA COSTA
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ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR AND (COLOR) RELATIONSHIPS OF THERMAL, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID
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Asesor : BARTOLOMEU ISRAEL DE SOUZA
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Fecha: 04-jul-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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Soil is a natural resource that varies with time and natural space, has characteristic physical and biological characteristics that vary in conjunction with the socio-environmental space and the atmosphere is constantly changing. Given this situation, the present work aims to analyze the thermal, physical, chemical and morphological behavior and the (cor)relationship between these in the superficial layer of soils located in Cariri Paraibano, semi-arid region of Brazil. For this, 10 soil samples were collected in 10 municipalities (Cabaceiras, Serra Branca, Caraúbas, Congo, Camalaú, São João do Tigre, São Sebastião do Umbuzeiro, Monteiro and Ouro Velho) and had these thermal properties (diffusivity, conductivity, resistance, heat capacity and temperature) in the Property Analyzer - KD2 Pro; carrying out treatment of uncertainty through Distribution and descriptive statistics of the thermal parameters of soils; tabulation and descriptive statistics also of physical parameters (texture), chemical and chemical; potentiality, exchangeable cation - Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, exchange; Pre-rem; total cation exchange capacity; definition by bases) and morphological (gravel; color; structure - degree, size and type; roots; pores and transition) to correlate them with the thermal properties through Pearson's Correlation and effectiveness test of the significance of these results through the Test t. The results obtained showed that the diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the evaluated soils in are low, causing the temperature to be high and greater general on the surface, there is a small of heat penetration and less heat storage, thus being susceptible to the depth process. of desertification. Diffusivity, conductivity and heat capacity were correlated only with morphological properties (structure - degree and size, consistency, amount of pores, gravel and plasticity) whereas thermal resistance was related to chemical and morphological aspects (P-rem and degree - weak and moderate) and temperature with physical (fine sand and silt), chemical (M and MO) and morphological aspects (structure moderate degree and very small, small and medium size, consistency dry and soft and amount of pores common). In view of the above, correlations were not found so far in soil studies in Brazil; the hypothesis of this thesis was confirmed that, in addition to organic matter, physical, chemical and morphological characteristics together, influence the thermal properties of the present soils and it was verified that the favorability of the desertification process and the physical quality of soils would be shaped by the structure, porosity, consistency and dynamics of soil moisture.
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MARIA DEUSIA LIMA ANGELO
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THE GEOGRAPHY OF BRAZIL'S PROVINCES/STATES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND THEIR TEACHING BOOKS BETWEEN THE
1870'S AND 1920'S: situating the case of Pernambuco.
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Fecha: 27-jun-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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This research aims to contribute to the studies anchored in the line of the History of School Geography in Brazil, in a special way, with those that cover, chronologically, the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, aiming to know the elements that incited and subsidized the establishment of the Geography of the provinces/states of Brazil, within the scope of primary schools, between the 1860s and 1820s, as well as specifically placing this feat in the context of Pernambuco. The recurrent designs designed especially around the studies presented, as well as our research and studies, were based on the perspective of the studies carried out by Chervel (1990), Goodson (1997), Viñao Frago (2008) and Júlia (2001;2002). The path taken in the construction of the research began to be outlined from the moment when the most important documents with the provisions relating to the establishment of the teaching of Local Geography in schools at the time were established. Among the analyzed sources, we focus on textbooks published in order to teach Geography, understanding them as an object of intersection between prescriptions and practices, therefore, an expression of school culture; which gives it an important role in the representation in the period of knowledge and in the side of other school subjects, as the educational legislation. We recognize that the emergence of the movement in favor of teaching local Geography in the primary school programs, during the period studied, is simultaneously constituted under the local and national scales, which complement each other as an arrangement that accommodates local interests allied to national projects. In this sense, we talk about the production of Geography textbooks in the provinces/states, having as a background educational reforms and ideas around the construction of local patriotism. Under this approach, we present, from the context of Pernambuco, a set of normative devices with prescriptions for the teaching of Geography in the province and three textbooks prepared for this purpose. From the analysis focused on the books, we recognize the expression given to themes and knowledge related to the dissemination of the natural potential of the territory and history of Pernambuco, with a view to building a local patriotism, associated with nationalist ideas. Protecting local singularities, we consider that subjects and/or institutions engaged in the task of producing geographical knowledge within the provinces, driven by a feeling of local patriotism and based on methodological debates, resorted to (school) Geography to disseminate, to value and enhance their territories via school, from the textbooks of this discipline, prepared for the teaching of this discipline in the scope of primary schools.
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CÍCERO ANTONIO JATANAEL DA SILVA TAVARES
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SOCIO-SPATIAL DYNAMICS DUE TO THE CAMPUS PIMENTA OF THE REGIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CARIRI (URCA), IN CRATO/CEARÁ/BRAZIL.
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Fecha: 17-jun-2022
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Hora: 16:45
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With this master's thesis, we aim to develop an analysis of socio-spatial dynamics in the city of Crato/CE through the implementation of the Pimenta campus of the Regional University of Cariri (URCA), having as a time frame the period between 1986 and 2022. In this sense, we start from the understanding that, in addition to the impact on the educational field, this Higher Education Institution (HEIs) has developed an important role with regard to the socioeconomic aspects of this city. Because we consider it to be a complex theme, we chose to adhere to a scientific method as a way to facilitate the paths to be followed in the construction of this research. Thus, we chose the dialectical method. Regarding methodological procedures, we adhered to bibliographic, documentary and empirical surveys. Because it is the higher education unit with the largest number of courses and students in the city, we use the Pimenta campus as a spatial cutout for field work. In particular, for this stage, we consider students, professors and administrative technicians who come from other municipalities and are living in Crato because of their studies or work in this teaching unit analyzed, as well as the information obtained through entrepreneurs directly benefiting from the implementation of this campus on site. In view of what we have collected throughout this research, we have identified that a portion of students, teachers and administrative technicians linked to this HEI migrated to the city of Crato and have frequented the trades and services of this city. As a result, a new demand began to reverberate in local establishments. Thus, we identified that those most benefited are entrepreneurs focused on the printing, market and snack bars sector. In addition, we have observed the expansion in the network of enterprises in this city, the valorization of urban soil, the formation of an area of centrality, among other aspects pertinent to the light of geography. Thus, this research is conceived as an important opportunity to be presented part of Crato socio-spatial dynamics as aspects inherent to the presence of the Pimenta campus of URCA.
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LEANDRO FELIX DA SILVA
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IDENTIFICATION AND INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPIC SPACES WITH THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING AND GEOTECHNOLOGIES IN CONSERVATION UNITS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID
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Fecha: 14-jun-2022
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Hora: 14:30
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The Brazilian semiarid region is one of the most populous in the world and its exploratory occupation process begins in the 17th century with the arrival of European settlers. It will be from this period that the relations of use of natural resources, such as native vegetation and water resources, intensify in a more intense way, generating great changes to the natural spaces preserved until then. In the region of Cariris Velhos located in the interior of the state of Paraíba, it was no different, also presenting vast regions modified over the centuries that recently culminated in large areas with various types of environmental degradation, mainly desertification. Since in this region of Paraíba there are environments that have quite peculiar characteristics and different from the most common ones in the dry semiarid region, such as the higher presence of humidity. In the early 2000s, the creation of two Conservation Units (CU) for sustainable use in this region was proposed, the EPA do Cariri and the Onças, the latter being the largest CU in the state of Paraíba in order to manage and mediate the use of natural resources through human needs. Since the creation of the EPAs until the present moment of this research, the two CU's do not present any type of plan referring to physical territorial planning, such as environmental zoning or management plan, as required by the National System of Conservation Units - NSCU. Based on this problem, this research aimed to develop a proposal for the identification of an integrated analysis of natural and anthropic spaces using environmental modeling and geotechnologies that can serve as a subsidy along with other surveys for future proposals for physical territorial planning for both CU's. Methodological procedures were based on three stages: I) an environmental model was developed with the use of geotechnologies called Intensity of Anthropic Action - IAA, which uses variables such as land use and vegetation cover, Landscape Transformation Level - LTL, roads access and drainage network. Using the Euclidean Distance calculation, Fuzzy classification and the Weighted Overlay spatial analysis method; II) application of the Soil Surface Moisture Index - SSMI (LOPES et al., 2011) which uses biophysical parameters from satellite images such as Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) through relationships math between variables with the Raster Calculator tool; III) the insertion of a set of sample points collected in the field by GNSS and obtained through satellite images referring to degraded and preserved areas for both CU's, and what sequence were inserted on the IAA and the SSMI so that it can be analyzed in a integrated the results of both using Geographic Information System GIS. The results were divided into chapters, which pointed out the areas where the smallest and largest IAA occur through 5 levels, namely Very Low, Low, Medium, High and Very High (Chapter I). As well as areas that concentrate the lowest and highest levels of SSMI that ranged from 0.0 (Very Dry) to 1.0 (Very Moisture) in Chapter II. And finally, the integrated analysis between both (Chapter III), which indicated that there is a spatial relationship between the areas of High and Very High IAA with the lowest levels of SSMI (0.0 to 0.2), high LST and low NDVI values. In the preserved areas, the lowest levels of IAA (Very Low and Low) were identified, with high levels of SSMI (0.5 to 1.0) and also high NDVI. Presenting the LST with different behaviors between the periods (rainy and dry) in both CU's. It is concluded that the proposal for an integrated analysis of natural and anthropic spaces through environmental modeling presented very relevant and satisfactory results that are close to the local reality and can be used as a subsidy along with other surveys for future proposals for physical territorial planning for both CU's.
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JAMERSON RANIERE MONTEIRO DE SOUZA
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PEASANT REPRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FOOD PURCHASING POLICY IN AGRESTE PARAIBANO
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Fecha: 27-abr-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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This study discusses peasant reproduction from the context of the Food Acquisition Policy (PAA and PNAE) in Agreste Paraibano between 2003 and 2019. Having as territorial cutout the area formed by the municipalities of Alagoa Nova, Esperança, Lagoa Seca and São Sebastião de Lagoa de Roça. It also discusses peasant reproduction in Paraíba in light of the theories of agrarian geography, seeking to problematize the performance of public policies for peasant agriculture with regard to food sovereignty, examining the contributions to peasant reproduction in the study area, as well as how the current context of democratic rupture in 2016 affects this reproduction. To this end, it initially presents an overview of how the phenomenon of peasant reproduction in capitalism has been debated by various intellectuals over time. Showing how the interpretations give rise to contradictory perspectives, and pointing out how, even in difficult situations and contrary to what many thinkers predicted, peasants have managed to reproduce themselves, forming an important population contingent, with an intense productive and strategic role for the country. This study starts from the assessment that only belatedly, at the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, the Brazilian State formulated public policies to support this social segment. It points out how these public policies resized the Brazilian peasant universe insofar as they included them in the agenda, even though they did not break with the enormous land concentration, centered on the persistence of large estates and monoculture, and with the neoliberal economic model. Thus, the Food Purchase Policies (Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos - PAA and Programa Nacional da Alimentação Escolar-PNAE), built during the Workers' Party government (2003-2016), stand out in this study. These programs started to carry out the public purchase of food from peasant agriculture to supply people in situations of social vulnerability and school meals, eliminating the need for intermediaries, which enabled, on the one hand, an increase in the income of this population, contributing to the construction of a renewed territoriality and to the improvement of the diet of these social groups. Among other positive aspects, it consolidated a national program of food security. In this way, based on a critical methodological path that included extensive bibliographic research, the survey of statistical and census data, a documentary research on government programs, field research that allowed the collection of primary data with the application of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, notes, recordings, photographs, which contributed to the preparation of this thesis.
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MARIA JOSÉ SOUSA DA SILVA
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Narratives of geography teachers: life stories and formative-professional trajectories in the composition of teaching identity
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Fecha: 28-mar-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The text proposed here aims to analyze the process of constituting the identity of the Geography teacher in basic education, intertwined with life stories, initial training and teaching practice. Therefore, it was based on a qualitative approach, anchored in life stories and in the (auto) biographical method for the composition of the necessary elements for the research. The search for understanding the subjectivity of subjects was based on the knowledge they have about their own formative-professional trajectories was based on oral and written narratives as research devices. The data presented here are the result of training memorials, narrative interviews and questionnaires. The exposed narratives allowed the understanding of the way in which the collaborating professors see their initial and practical training, relating their life stories to the training-professional processes they went through. Data analysis was based on discourse analysis, in the hope of promoting an understanding of how the teachers who collaborated in the research see and describe their own formative processes. The narratives express the way in which the teachers see their profession, how they arrived at the choice of a degree in Geography and the way in which these teachers see being a teacher from the very identity they constituted throughout their formative-professional trajectories and the way how they mobilize the knowledge necessary for their practice. This research showed that the constitution of the teaching identity brings together elements from different life contexts and that this process is continuous in the teacher's life. This research also made it possible for the collaborators to reflect on the importance of their stories as formative elements and contributions to the formation of other subjects who will be able to read their narratives. In this sense, I hope that this work becomes a device for research, reading and training for teachers, researchers, students and readers who are interested in understanding the formative process of the Geography teacher, in (auto)biographical narratives and which can serve as an inspiration for other researchers to deepen the themes and questions raised here.
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GUSTAVO DOS SANTOS COSTA
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The street market in the context of socio-spatial restructuration in the city of Sumé-PB
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Fecha: 24-mar-2022
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Hora: 14:30
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Commercial forms, as socio-spatial forms, keep pace with the cultural and technical transformations of the capitalist accumulation mode which, in turn, is marked by the speed and mobility of its interactions, under a constant process of reconfiguration from the reproduction of the intentions of hegemonic economic agents. This process holds multiple faces that are unevenly distributed in space, articulated in a way they are favoring the replication of producting and circulating relations. Thus, given the diversity of manifestations derived from this process, we chose to seek to understand it from the transformations of the street market in Sumé, a small town located in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. To do so, we used the following methodological procedures: a bibliographic survey on the subject, observation of the dynamics of the street market and the citys commercial heart, mapping the commercial activities, photographic records, application of questionnaires with those street vendors and interviews with shopkeepers and representatives from civil and organized society. In order to arrange the data and previous analysis of the research, it was necessary to place the object in the context of the modernization policies of the food distribution instruments that accompanied the socio-spatial restructuring of the Brazilian territory and interrelate with the local socio-spatial peculiarities. In the city of Sumé, it was observed that the process of reconfiguration of the spatial dynamics of the local street market took place in line with the expansion of grocery stores and the emergence of the supermarket sector from the 1970s onwards, a period in which the relationship between the itinerant commerce and the fixed commercial forms passed through redefinition, replacing a relationship based on complementarity for competitiveness, indicating its adequacy to a new spatial rationality.
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ELLOISE RACKEL COSTA LOURENÇO
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CO2 emissions from soils in Cariri Paraibano in different uses and land cover
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Fecha: 21-mar-2022
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Hora: 08:00
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Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, also referred to as soil respiration, is an important component of the global carbon balance, returning to the atmosphere through decomposition or respiration. With the modification of ecosystems, particularly through deforestation and agricultural activities, the constant use of the terrestrial stock of this gas can accelerate the process of changes in climate dynamics, causing an increase in temperature. Studies focused on this theme are scarce and important for understanding global changes, especially when it comes to the efflux of CO2 from the Caatinga soil. In this scenario, this thesis aimed to evaluate the efflux of CO2 from the soil in areas with different uses and land cover (agricultural areas, degraded areas and preserved areas) in the Caatinga. The study was conducted on a property located in the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of Cariri, at Fazenda Salambaia, located in the immediate geographic region of Campina Grande and in the micro-regions of Cariri Paraibano and Campina Grande. The activities of this research involved the mapping and quantification of CO2 emissions, biomass, rainfall, soil moisture and temperature in areas under different uses and land cover using in situ measurements and the technique of remote sensing. CO2 emission data were collected by the infrared gas analyzer method (IRGA), soil moisture and temperature in the dry and rainy seasons during the year 2017 and 2018 at ten points with different characteristics. It was found that the highest flows occurred in areas where there is presence of preserved vegetation, lower temperatures and in the rainy season. Statistical tests showed correlation with types of land use, accumulated precipitation, soil components and seasonal variations, but no correlations were found with temperature and soil moisture. The results also identified the presence of CO2 efflux in areas with degraded vegetation, characterizing a situation of desertification in these areas.
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IRAMI RODRIGUES MONTEIRO JUNIOR
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THE SPACE CIRCUIT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTISANAL EMBROIDERY AND THE USE OF THE TERRITORY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TIMBAÚBA DOS BATISTAS - RN
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Fecha: 11-mar-2022
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Hora: 14:30
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Handcrafted embroidery arrived in the Seridó region at the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, brought by the wives of Portuguese colonists who settled in these lands. Embroidery begins to be developed in Arraial Queiquó, the then municipality of Caicó - RN and after popularization, the activity gradually expands to the other municipalities in the Seridó region, a phenomenon observed in the municipality of Timbaúba dos Batistas - RN created in the 1990s. 1960. In this sense, the choice of the study cut, the municipality of Timbaúba dos Batistas, is due to its performance in the production of artisanal embroidery, the number of embroiderers working in the activity, in addition, it is considered one of the main producers in the Seridó region. . Thus, the objective of the research on screen is to analyze the spatial circuit of the production of artisanal embroidery in Timbaúba dos Batistas - RN, considering the circles of cooperation in space and the uses of the territory. The research continues the discussion on: the productive spatial circuit; the circle of cooperation in space, territory and the use of the territory, main concepts that support the dissertation text. The methodological procedures used involve the collection and systematization of data from the field office research. From the latter, we interviewed 242 autonomous embroiderers and 3 entrepreneurial embroiderers in the territory of Timbaúba dos Batistas and representatives of public and private institutions. Secondary data were collected on the IBGE digital platform and at the Municipal Tax Office. The literature review was based on authors who verticalized their research on the concepts listed above. The proposed methodology was able to understand how the productive space circuit and the circle of cooperation in the artisanal embroidery space in the territory of Timbaúba dos Batistas behave. The specific study of artisanal embroidery in this municipality brings to the debate the importance of associative and cooperative systems for the maintenance of the productive spatial circuit of artisanal embroidery, maintained by autonomous and entrepreneurial embroiderers. The results presented showed that the productive space circuit is dynamic and complex, with the stages of production, distribution, commercialization and consumption analyzed separately, but articulated with each other. This includes the use of the territory of Timbaúba dos Batistas beyond the politically delimited territory. Still, the spatial circuit of artisanal embroidery production demonstrates a codependency of the cooperation circle, which, in turn, is made up of public and private companies and institutions for the development of stages related to circulation, distribution and consumption. In addition, it uses the territory of Timbaúba dos Batistas (the fixed ones) as the cooperative, the association, the Casa das Bordadeiras, ARTESOL and the municipal government and other devices that are not necessarily in the territory, but which provide technical, operational assistance such as SEBRAE, the government of RN, the Riachuelo Institute and the universities to allow the flows linked to the activity of artisanal embroidery to take place in the territory of Timbaúba dos Batistas.
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IRLA GABRIELE NUNES HENRIQUES
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INVESTIGATING THE IMPACTS OF FUTURE CLIMATE AND LAND USE AND COVER ON RUNOFF-EROSION PROCESSES IN A BASIN OF THE CAATINGA BIOME .
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Asesor : RICHARDE MARQUES DA SILVA
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Fecha: 25-feb-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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Soil erosion by water is a natural process, but it can be intensified by human action such as when removing the vegetation cover, which causes a reduction in infiltration and an increase in surface runoff. Studies focused on this topic have great relevance for the preservation of soils and water resources, especially in basins located in the Caatinga biome in Brazil, which is characterized by recurrent and extreme events, which millions of people droughts every year. Thus, investigating the impacts of future climate and land use and cover on runoff-erosion processes in this biome are fundamental for the management of water resources in the region. One of the ways to study future hydrosedimentological processes is through the coupling between simulated time series of precipitation and temperature data in a hydrological model. In the present study, the hydro-sedimentological model Soil and Water Assessment Tools was used to assess the processes of surface runoff and sediment production in two distinct periods in the Sumé Representative Basin, which has a total area of 146.5 km² and is located in the semiarid region of Paraíba. For the occurrence of modeling was necessary to use physical data of region, such as weather data, data about the use of land, soil type and digital elevation model; thereby, modeling was based for different realities (based on land use in the years 1984 and 2019) and different future land use scenarios (regular, optimistic and pessimistic) and future climate scenarios based on different levels on emissions of greenhouse gases (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). To calibrate the model, SWAT-CUP software and a daily flow period, from March 27, 1977 to January 13, 1978 of the Gangorra sub-basin were used. A calibration result considered acceptable was obtained with the Nash-Sutcliffes coefficient of efficiency (COE) of 0.59 and the R² of 0.65. The results showed how much vegetation cover reduces surface runoff and sediment production in the different scenarios studied and how much these variables are influenced by land use, soil type and climate.
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JEAN OLIVEIRA CAMPOS
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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION IN MATA DO PAU-FERRO STATE PARK, AREIA, PARAÍBA
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Fecha: 23-feb-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has suffered intense degradation since colonization, which has led its ecosystems to experience marked fragmentation. Forest remnants provide essential ecosystem services for populations, even so, they run the risk of disappearing in the coming years due to the advance of human activities in their territory. In the state of Paraíba, the Mata do Pau-Ferro State Park in the municipality of Areia is home to one of the largest remnants of Atlantic Forest in the state in the Brejo de Altitude environment. Despite its importance, the protected area and its Buffer Zone are permeated by conflicts that affect its conservation, part of them related to the advance of agriculture and livestock over forest perimeters. In view of the above, the research has the general objective of analyzing the fragmentation of vegetation and mapping the main services of provision, regulation and maintenance provided through the fragments of native forest contained in the Mata do Pau-Ferro State Park and in its Buffer Zone. For fragmentation analysis, landscape metrics were used using the V-LATE 2.0 extension in ArcGis 10.2 software. The mapping of provision services, on the other hand, was based on the matrix method that relies on the use of questionnaires and field visits. The regulation and maintenance ecosystem services, in turn, were mapped through the integration of environmental variables, thus, the carbon sequestration service was mapped through the CO2flux index, while the erosion control mapping was based on the Universal Equation of Soil Loss (USLE). The Buffer Zone presents a notorious fragmentation of native forest vegetation, which leads to the manifestation of the following conditions: predominance of small fragments, rounded shapes, low average sizes, accentuated structural connectivity and high vulnerability to edge effects. With regard to provision services, the supply capacities varied between very high and not relevant. The highest supply was detected for fibers and materials from wild plants, while the lowest was recorded for nutrition from wild animals. Then, carbon sequestration pronounced supply capacities similar to those observed in provision services, varying between high and not relevant, however, small and large fragments presented close potentials for the provision of ecosystem service. Finally, in the erosion control service, supply capacities ranging from very high to very low were manifested. The results presented converge to show that the native forest vegetation of the Mata do Pau-Ferro State Park and its Buffer Zone are important areas for the provision of ecosystem services to local communities and society as a whole, and the advance of fragmentation will lead to the landscape to ecological conditions more unfavorable to services. In these terms, the mapping made it possible to increase knowledge about the areas of provision and offers, helping to identify conflicts and strategies for resolving them. In addition, the information can be used as a subsidy for the elaboration of public actions aimed at protecting forest fragments and maintaining the supply of ecosystem services.
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RENATA COSTA DE BARROS
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AGRICULTURAL ISSUE IN TIMES OF COUP:
The Territorialization of Peasant Struggle in the Florestan Fernandes Settlement Pilões/PB
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Fecha: 22-feb-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The present dissertation study addresses the issue of territorialization of the struggle for land in the Florestan Fernandes Settlement, located in the micro-region of Brejo Paraibano, specifically in the municipality of Pilões. It is an area marked by different territorial processes, where for a long time sugarcane monoculture predominated, giving space, later, to agrarian reform settlements. The objective of the research is to analyze the process of territorialization of the struggle for land in the Florestan Fernandes settlement in the time frame from 2005 to 2020, as part of an unfinished land reform policy, historically constituted by the organization of social movements in the countryside and strongly threatened in times of dismantling democracy. Therefore, it is necessary to enter the paths of the 2016 coup, a process that marks Brazilian political history and the future of social policies for the countryside and for the peasantry. The methodological procedures of the research are based on the empirical experiences with the workers of the Florestan Fernandes Settlement, considered social subjects of the study, as well as on the practices of bibliographic research that provide the basis for the theoretical foundation of the dissertation. Faced with the limits of agrarian reform in Brazil and the continuous dismantling that directly impact the settled peasantry, it is considered important to understand the current processes of territorialization and the problems faced in the settlement in question. The findings obtained with the research indicate that the families of the Florestan Fernandes Settlement face different difficulties, from the lack of access to basic resources such as water, health and education, to the problem of technical assistance for the production and commercialization processes. From the questionnaires and interviews carried out with the settlers, it is understood that the actions triggered by the critical political process of 2016, caused intense repercussions in the agrarian reform policy, directly compromising the territorialization of the peasantry in the Florestan Fernandes Settlement.
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MIRELLE OLIVEIRA SILVA
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IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF WET AREAS IN DRAINAGE HEADS - CHAPADA DO ARARIPE, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
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Fecha: 21-feb-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The Brazilian Semi-arid is marked by the low rainfall rates, associated with long periods of drought. Yet, even showing these characteristics, due to its vast environmental diversity, the region has small areas which, in most part, shows constant humidity, like flooded soils accompanied by phytophysiognomy addapted to these saturation conditions. These spaces are commonly called Wetlands (WLs). These environments are spread over several regions of the planet, and they have the most varied sizes. However, in dry climate regions, these areas, broadly, are small, but work as access points for people who live nearby, in addition to functioning as shelter for many animal species, specially in drought periods. In this sense, the studies about the WLs show substantial importance. For this matter, sought to develop this work with the objective of identify and classify the wetlands associated with the headwaters in Araripe plateau, Brazilian northeast. For this study to be carried out, based on this objective, acquisition of cartographic bases of digital origin (vector and raster) were carried out, as well as were produced thematic maps; the planning and determination of the points to be visited were done, posteriorly was defined and carried out the reconnaissance of the WLs, still were stablished the environmental parameters and the representative points, then there was the choice of the representative WLs and at last the characterization and classification of the WLs. From the development of these steps, the results were obtained. These pointed to an existing relation between the hydrogeological and hydrogeomorphologic conditions, especially, in the development and maintenance of WLs in Araripe plateau. Among the applied parameters, the TWI, the curvature of the ground, the slope and the altitude remained constant, proving opportune to the study related to WLs in headwaters areas. Beyond that, another highlighted point in the WLs characterization was the intense usage of earth, once they are environments that have a greater water supply, this fact may be associated with the intermittence, that 4 from the 6 wetlands presented. Concerning the classification, stands out that the Araripe plateau WLs show 4 kinds: plain WLs with channeled valley bottom; plain WLs with not channeled valley bottom; concave WLs with channeled valley bottom; and concave WLs with not channeled valley botom. The classification was carried out through, mainly, the hydrogeomorphological criteria. In this sense, it can be concluded that the Araripe plateau WLs are maintained especially because the hydrogeomorphological and hydrogeological conditions, in this way, the geomorphological parameters are essential for the characterization and classification of the WLs. It was observed the existance of a relation between the intermittent regime WLs and the environmental degradation of the area, and at last that the classification using hydrogeomorphological criteria proved to be efficient, considering the sculptural and hydrological context of the Araripe plateau, broadly.
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MARIA DO SOCORRO SILVA SALVADOR
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CLIMATE VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF MONTEIRO AND SÃO JOÃO DO CARIRI IN THE STATE OF PARAÍBA (1980 TO 2019)
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Fecha: 16-feb-2022
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Hora: 16:00
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The Region of Cariri paraibano, located in the Brazilian Semiarid region, is characterized by having high variability in precipitation (both spatial and temporal) presenting low rainfall indices and marked water deficit. The population living in this region has as one of the main sources of income the activities related to agriculture, however the success of this activity is linked to climatic conditions. During the dry season, the region suffers losses in the agricultural sector, causing great damage to rural workers/families. In this way, any change in the climate can cause serious impacts for the environment as well as for the resident population. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze and compare climate variability in the municipalities of São João do Cariri and Monteiro, both in the state of Paraíba, on a 40-year time scale (1980-2019). To perform the analyses were: i) verified the existence of a trend in the climatic variables precipitation and temperature; ii) sequential water balance indexes were evaluated year by year, verifying its variability and trend, and iii) the annual climate type (TCA) climate classification was performed. The results showed that the municipalities, despite being in the same region (pluviometrically homogeneous), have different characteristics. Monteiro has a better water condition in relation to São João do Cariri, however these municipalities have the same behaviors of rainy (December to May) and dry periods (June to November). Regarding the trend test for precipitation and temperature variables, corresponding to the annual analysis of 40 years, it showed that only Monteiro's temperature showed a significant increasing trend. On the other hand, the monthly trend tests for the analyzed period showed that only the months of May, April and July of 1997 contributed to the rupture of the annual temperature of the municipality of Monteiro, since this presented significance, this same condition was not observed for the precipitation variable of Monteiro or for São João do Cariri. Similarly, it is verified for the temperature variable of the last municipality, since they did not present significance. Regarding the results of the Water Balance analyzed by decade, the occurrence of water deficiency was proven for the two municipalities, especially the 1990s and 2010, this analysis of the balance sheet by decade hides the existence of water surpluses, however when the balance sheet was prepared year by year, it was observed that some months contained surpluses, among these months, which was the most prominent was the month of March, being this the wettest month. Regarding the results of trends in water indices, aridity and humidity, it is verified that Monteiro has more years with better water index conditions, when compared to São João do Cariri. Regarding the aridity tests, these revealed the highest values for the municipality of São João do Cariri. On the other hand, the trend of moisture indices showed that the two municipalities, over the years, mostly have soil moisture below zero. Through the Thorthwaite and Mather Climatic Classification, it was concluded that the two localities inserted in a Semi-arid climate, however, are not all years that present this characteristic, because of the two municipalities analyzed, São João do Cariri presented 68% of the years of the series under analysis within a context of semi-arid climate. In view of the results presented, it is understood that the municipality of São João do Cariri, because it has rainfall conditions with lower rates and high variability in temperature in relation to the municipality of Monteiro, will possibly be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The municipality of Monteiro, despite having "better" rainfall conditions, with the advent of climate change, the resident population will also feel the impacts of the climate. Thus, it is suggested that studies of climate variability be expanded to all municipalities of the Cariri Region, since it is understood that the climatic behavior present in the region occurs differently (varying in time and space), and, in possession of this knowledge, it will be possible to subsidize the elaboration of public policies in the construction of adaptive strategies of coexistence with climatic extremes.
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JOSUE BARRETO DA SILVA JUNIOR
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The socio-environmental epidemiological vulnerability in the municipalities of Cariri Paraiba: An applied methodological proposition
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Asesor : CELSO AUGUSTO GUIMARAES SANTOS
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Fecha: 31-ene-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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Climatological disasters (droughts and droughts) present themselves as predominant phenomena in the region of Cariri Paraibano. Characterized by its severity and frequent incidence, this type of disaster has generated multiple economic, social and environmental impacts. Vulnerability corresponds to the direct relationship of individual exposure or a particular society, community (or social group), companies, economic sector, corporations to one or more certain risks. During the period between 1991-2012 there were 19,517 episodes of drought and drought disasters, corresponding to 48% of disasters in Brazil (total of 39,837). Thus, the Northeast has the highest incidence of cases in Brazil (56.68%), followed by the South and Southeast respectively. The impacts of droughts and droughts in the Northeast region are presented through a wide variability of economic and human damages, affecting 41,255,291 people, with 176 dead, 67,320 sick, 290 injured and 3,850 missing. Understanding the scope of the phenomenon in the area under study, the low levels of resilience of the communities, and the need to develop models and tools to deal with disasters and the low levels of resilience of the affected municipalities, the objective of this project is to propose an index that seeks to evaluate the Socio-environmental-Epidemiological Vulnerability through climatological disasters (droughts and droughts) in the municipalities that comprise the Cariri Paraibano. In this way, applying the IVSE System to the region of Cariri Paraibano, it is affirmed through the processing of indicators, the acquisition and treatment of matrix and vector data, and the operationalization of cartographic techniques, it is affirmed that there is a strong relationship between the three major fields evaluated (Social, Environmental and Epidemiological) for the construction of possible epidemiological outbreaks and the spread of diseases associated with the intervention processes suffered on local ecosystems.
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