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OCTAVIO GOMES DA CUNHA FILHO
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FOOD SUPPLEMENTS WITH OR NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PROBIBIOTICS FOR BEES Melipona scutellaris
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Advisor : PATRICIA EMILIA NAVES GIVISIEZ
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Date: Aug 29, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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This thesis work was carried out to investigate the use of food supplements with probiotics as
an alternative source of food for stingless bees, as it is known that the availability of floral
resources for bees changes constantly in terms of quantity and quality, varying over time. of the
year and region. In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on the use of soy derivatives
in protein supplementation for stingless bees. Good acceptance and good physiological
development of bees were found, particularly soy extract, which proved to be effective as a
food supplement for bees. stingless to replace pollen. A search was carried out in electronic
databases for scientific articles between September and December 2023, using Google Scholar,
Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect. The systematic review was guided by PRISMA standards.
Using the PICo (Population, Interest and Context) methodology, search terms included "bees"
or "stingless bees" (P), "soybean" (I), and bee performance and health parameters (Co). Boolean
operators were used to refine the searches. After screening, 544 articles were found and
reviewed, with 7 selected as eligible for detailed review. In chapter 2, a literature review was
carried out on bee nutrition and the morphology of the bee digestive tract. Topics were covered
regarding the eating habits of eusocial bees, characterization of Meliponas scutellaris bees,
protein and energy supplementation for bees and anatomy and physiology of the digestive tract
of stingless bees. Chapter 3 was composed of a scientific article, in which the use of dietary
supplementation with probiotics in morphometric measurements of Melipona scutellaris bees
was investigated. 12 pre-founded colonies already well established in the meliponary were used,
with four replications per treatment. The treatments consisted of the control treatment (CN), in
which they had access only to natural food; treatment (SP), in which the colonies were fed a
protein supplement consisting of soy extract + sugar + water; and treatment (SPP), in which the
colonies were fed with soy extract + Embiotic® probiotic + sugar + water. The total period of
supplementation was 90 days, to evaluate the colony's performance parameters, every ten days
the colony's consumption and weight data were collected, to evaluate the biometric parameters
of the nurse bees, a total of 300 bees were collected. , 5 bees per colony in periods 10, 20, 30,
60 and 90 days of supplementation. Body weight, femur length (C.FEM), tibia length (C.TIB),
tibia area (A.TIB), metatarsal length (C.META), metatarsal width (L) were collected from these
bees. .META), wing length (W.ASA), and wing width (W.ASA). The supplements offered were
consumed and manipulated by the bees, indicating acceptance by the colonies and that both SP
and SPP can be provided to assist in the maintenance and development of the colony. The
supplementation was significant for the accumulated weight gain of the colonies, in the
treatments in which the colonies were supplemented, during this period evaluated. However,
there was no difference between SP and SPP. The same observed in biometric parameters,
dietary supplements with or without probiotic significantly increased the measurements of the
parameters (C.FEM, C.TIB, A.TIB, C.META, L.META, C.ASA, L.ASA ), compared to CN
treatment. Indicative that the supplemented colonies improved the availability of nutrients in
the formation of new individuals. In chapter 4, the objective was to evaluate dietary
supplementation with probiotics on the morphology and morphometry of the midgut of
Melipona scutellaris.
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RONEY TEIXEIRA DA SILVA
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USE OF FOUNDER BREEDS TO BENEFIT THE IMPUTATION ACCURACY IN COMPOSITE BEEF CATTLE
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Advisor : MARCOS ELI BUZANSKAS
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Date: Jul 19, 2024
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Imputation is a statistical method that aims to predict genotypic information in a target population based on data from a reference population. Among the several advantages of the technique, the reduction in genotyping costs stands out, as it is possible to impute genotypes from low and medium densities to high densities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the imputation accuracy, for the entire set of markers and for rare alleles, in Canchim (CA) and MA genetic group (MA) animals with the incorporation of genotypes from the founding breeds Nelore (NE) and
Charolais (CH). Genomic data from 285 CA animals, 114 MA animals, 897 CH animals and 809 NE animals were analyzed. All animals were genotyped with a high-density BovineHD BeadChip (HD) panel, containing 777,962 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Only autosomal chromosomes with known positions were considered. Seventeen imputation scenarios (C1 to C17) were tested, in which high-density genotypes were reduced to the BovineSNP50 BeadChip panel (50K), with 54,609 SNPs, only for the target population, in which CA, MA and CAN (CA + MA) animals were considered. The reference populations remained with HD genotypes, alternating
breeds. The imputation was carried out using algorithms implemented in the FImpute program. Imputation accuracy was assessed by the concordance rate (TC) and the allelic correlation square (allelic r²), considering all markers and rare alleles, which were determined by MAF (minor allele frequency). When comparing the imputed markers with those truly present in the original HD, it was found that the imputation accuracy, measured by allelic r², ranged from 0.5937 to 0.9332, and the TC ranged between 63.25% and 92.17 %. Scenario C11, in which the reference population considered CH + CA animals and the reference population considered MA animals, presented the highest imputation accuracies, attributing to this result a greater genetic proximity between CH animals and CA and MA animals. The imputation results for rare alleles indicated that including the founder breeds together with CA or MA in forming a multibreed reference panel benefited accuracies. Benefits in the imputation accuracy of composite breed animals (CA and MA) can be obtained with the addition of genotypes from the founding breeds (CH and NE) in the formation of multibreed reference panels. The inclusion of CH as part of the reference population, in association with CA animals, represented greater gains in accuracy when imputing MA animal genotypes. The benefits of using a multibreed population for imputation of CA and MA animals were verified for general accuracy (all markers) and for rare alleles (MAF), being recommended for future genomic evaluations in the Canchim breed.
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WILSON ARAÚJO DA SILVA
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ENZYME COMPLEXES ASSOCIATED OR NOT WITH Yucca schidigera EXTRACT FOR PIGLETS IN THE INITIAL STAGE
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Advisor : LEONARDO AUGUSTO FONSECA PASCOAL
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 15:00
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Show Summary
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Divided into four chapters, this thesis work was carried out to investigate the use of enzyme complexes associated or not with Yucca schidigera extract for piglets in the initial phase. In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on the addition of enzyme complexes to diets for piglets in the initial phase on productive performance and nutrient digestibility from a database composed of 76 diets, resulting from 40 studies. A search was carried out in electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed) through the CAPES Periodicals Portal collection, using a combination of words using the PICo method (Population, Interest and Context). The articles were exported
to a reference management program and subjected to selection criteria, starting from a total of 5233 to 40 articles. It was observed that 52.5% of studies focus on the period from 2012 to 2022. China has the highest number of publications (9), followed by the USA (8) and Brazil (7). The enzymes most used in the complexes included in the diets were xylanase (33), β-glucanase
(27), protease (16) and phytase (14). Single and increasing dosages of enzyme complexes improved performance and nutrient digestibility. However, an improvement in these parameters was not always observed, requiring further studies. In chapter 2, the biological effects of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on piglets were studied based on a literature review. The effects are
associated with YSE saponins and polyphenolic compounds, related to improvements in performance, diet digestibility, intestinal morphology and gene expression, microbiota modulation and reduction of pollutants in excreta. More research is needed to identify the effectiveness of YSE
supplementation for piglets. Chapter 3 was composed of a scientific article, in which the use of enzyme complexes on the digestibility of all-vegetable diets for piglets in the initial phase and excretion of pollutants was investigated. Twenty-four 35-day-old castrated male piglets were used,
distributed in randomized blocks in three treatments: DC: Control diet; DCE1: DC with 200 g ton-1 of enzyme complex (Alltech® Allzyme SSF e+C: 700 HUT g-1 of protease, 300 SPU g-1 of phytase and 40 CMCU g-1 of cellulase); DCE2: DC with 400 g ton-1 of enzyme complex (Alltech® Vegpro®
: 7500 HUT g-1 of protease and 45 CMCE g-1 of cellulase). DCE2 increased mineral availability, NDF
digestibility and ADF. Enzyme supplementation increased the availability of P, Mg, Cu, Zn and Fe. There was a decrease in the excretions of P, Mg, Cu, Zn and a tendency towards lower Fe excretion with the use of enzyme complexes. Enzyme complexes with protease (140.0 to 2800.0 HUT Kg-1 of diet), phytase (60.0 SPU Kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (8.0 to 18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) improve
availability and decrease fecal excretion of minerals. Higher levels of protease (2800.0 HUT Kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) are necessary to improve the digestibility of NDF and ADF. In chapter 4, the objective was to evaluate the supplementation of enzyme complexes
ssociated or not with plant extracts in diets for weaned piglets. Forty-eight 28-dayold animals were used, distributed in randomized blocks across six treatments: DC: Control Diet; DCY: DC with 125 g ton-1 of Yucca schidigera Extract (YSE) (De-Odorase®; guarantee level: 65 mg kg-1 of sapogenin); DCE: DC with 200 g ton-1 of enzyme complex (Alltech® Allzyme SSF e+C; guarantee levels: 700 HUT g-1 of protease, 300 SPU g-1 of phytase and 40 CMCU g-1 of cellulase); DCME: DC
with 400 g ton-1 of multienzyme complex with emulsifier (Alltech® Allzyme Allsotution; guarantee levels: 640 AJDU g-1 of pectinase, 386 HUT g-1 of protease, 60 SPU g-1 of phytase, 32 BGU g-1 of β -glucanase, 16 XU g-1 of xylanase, 8 CMCU g-1 of cellulase, 4.5 FAU g-1 of amylase and 52 g kg-1 of polyethylene glycol glyceryl ricinoleate - PGRG); DCE+Y1: DCE + EYS (125 g ton-1
); DCE+Y2: DCE + YSE (250 g ton-1 ). DCE+Y1 improved feed conversion. DCE, DCME and DCE+Y1 improved DM, MO, NDF, ADF, energy and P digestibility coefficients and reduced P excretion. Serum GGT levels increased with the addition of EYS, P decreased as a function of DCE +Y2 and AST decreased in DC-fed piglets. Greater jejunal AV/PC was observed with supplementations and
increases in the thickness of the jejunal mucosa and absorptive area of piglets that consumed DCME. The number of goblet cells decreased when piglets consumed DCE+Y2. Higher liver glycogen levels were recorded for the groups that received DCE and DCE+Y2. Associations of exogenous enzymes with plant extracts decreased the relative expression of TNF-α mRNA; MUC-2 decreased
with supplementation; that of NaPi-IIb increased with the use of DCE, while that of SGLT-1 increased with DCY and DCE; that of PEPT-1 increased with DCY, DCME, DCE+Y1 and DCE+Y2. Combinations of exogenous enzymes associated or not with plant extracts (125 g ton-1 of YSE and 52 g kg-1 of emulsifier) in diets for piglets optimize production efficiency, promote improvements in the digestibility and absorption of dietary nutrients, intestinal histology, and contribute to health intestinal and reduce P excretion. More research is needed on YSE inclusion levels for weaned piglets.
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ANGÉLICA SOARES DE MENDONÇA LOPES
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EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF THE EXTRACT OF Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) IN THE DIET ON THE RUMINAL METABOLISM, PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF MEAT OF GOATS
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Advisor : ARIOSVALDO NUNES DE MEDEIROS
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding Catingueira extract (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.) on intake, digestibility, performance, quantitative carcass characteristics and weight of commercial cuts of kids in confinement. To obtain the extract, leaves and branches of Catingueira (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.) in full development stage were collected. The extract was prepared using an exhaustive maceration process for 72 hours using ethanol and, after concentration in a rotary evaporator, the extract was encapsulated in gelatin capsules. Thirty crossbred kids (Saanen x Alpino americano) were used, distributed in a completely randomized design (DIC), with 3 treatments and 10 replications. Treatments were formed according to plant extract doses (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.), as follows: Treatment 1 Standard diet + 0 mg of extract / kg of body weight (control); Treatment 2 standard diet + 15 mg of extract / kg of body weight; Treatment 3 standard diet + 30 mg of extract / kg of body weight. Intake, digestibility, performance, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, hot and cold carcass yields, weight loss on cooling and primary carcass cut weight were considered. There was no effect of adding Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) extract for any of the evaluated variables (P> 0.05). The average hot and cold carcass yield was 50.05 and 47.60%, respectively. Weight loss by medium cooling was 4.90% (p = 0.312). The doses of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) extract used in the present study, for suckling kids, do not alter nutrient intake and digestibility, quantitative carcass characteristics and weights of primary carcass cuts.
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MATEUS LACERDA PEREIRA LEMOS
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CACTI POTENTIAL MODULATORY EFFECTS ON BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT NICHES: INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND SPINELESS CACTUS SILAGE
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Advisor : CELSO JOSE BRUNO DE OLIVEIRA
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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The interest in the industrial exploration of cacti is emerging in the field of biotechnology due to recent research demonstrating their benefits in human and animal nutrition. The use of these plants not only fosters the development of the food, pharmaceutical, and livestock industries, particularly in the semi-arid regions, but also promotes the preservation of ecosystems and ethnocultural practices. With recent advances in microbiology and the discovery of the microbiota's importance, such as the influence of intestinal microbiota on its host, there arises the need to evaluate the effects of cacti consumption on the intestinal microbiota, which could potentially interfere with their health-promoting effects. Furthermore, the interest in using cacti for forage conservation through silage methods is exponentially increasing, especially for forage palm, whose cultivation is relevant in semi-arid climates or tropical countries, such as the northeastern region of Brazil. It is crucial to understand the unique fermentative processes that occur during palm fermentation. In this context, investing in research on lactic acid bacteria becomes essential, as they are the main intermediaries of fermentation, with applications ranging from the use of inoculants to probiotic strains. The first study aimed to investigate the effects of "xique-xique" juice (XQ) - Pilosocereus gounelli - on the intestinal microbiota of healthy and colitis-induced rats. The hypothesis was based on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential prebiotic properties of XQ, suggesting that XQ could modulate the composition of the intestinal microbial community to improve health. The results indicated significant changes in intestinal microbial diversity in groups receiving XQ, associated with a reduction in key taxa related to intestinal inflammation. The XQ group showed a positive association with specific microbial families, such as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, and Saccharimonadaceae. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in metabolic pathways associated with post-colitis intestinal recovery, such as short-chain fatty acid production and mucosal barrier function. The second study aimed to characterize the microbial dynamics during palm silage fermentation, revealing a pattern of rapid fermentation with pH drop within two weeks post-ensiling. Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Pediococcus were identified as the main microorganisms involved in palm fermentation, with Weissella being dominant both during the initial fermentative stage and the aerobic stability phase. Functional analyses demonstrated activity in the phosphoketolase pathway and other heterofermentative routes, highlighting palm silage as a suitable option for silage production in tropical countries. The third study focused on the genomic investigation of the functionality of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC024, a potential probiotic strain isolated from artisanal cheese. In silico analysis confirmed the bacterium's suitability for gastrointestinal conditions and safety, with the absence of mobile resistance genes, revealing clusters of genes associated with bacteriocin production, and CRISPR sequences. The study concluded that L. plantarum CNPC024 has favorable characteristics, such as growth in dairy products and the potential to modulate host immune responses, suggesting its potential as a probiotic candidate. These three scientific studies, addressing different aspects related to plants and microorganisms, contribute to understanding potential nutraceutical, food-related, and health-promoting applications in scientific research.
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JOSÉ DANRLEY CAVALCANTE DOS SANTOS
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THERMOREGULATION OF GOATS RAISED IN SEMIARID EQUATORIAL ENVIRONMENT
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Advisor : EDILSON PAES SARAIVA
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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Goats raised in production systems in the semiarid region are often challenged by high temperatures, low water availability, food scarcity, and high radiant heat loads experienced in the rearing environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate through remote sensing (biologgers) how native goats modulate their responses to maintain homeothermy in the face of semiarid challenges. For this purpose, twenty-six goats of Moxotó and Canindé breeds underwent surgical procedures, during which temperature sensors (Star Oddi, DST mili-T) were implanted to perform frequent measurements of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal temperatures. Air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, rainfall, forage mass, soil temperature, and average radiant temperature were measured to characterize the challenges faced by the animals. Our results showed effectiveness in the continuous measurement of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous temperature through remote sensing. Subcutaneous temperature varied on average by 8°C, with peaks between 12:00 and 13:00 and lows between 04:00 and 06:00. The average intraperitoneal temperature was 39.0°C, with peaks between 14:00 and 15:00. The vasomotor index showed an average amplitude of 0.94°C, reaching a peak at 20:00. During the hottest days, Moxotó and Canindé goats registered peaks of body temperature of up to 41.1 and 41.3°C, respectively. Exposure to higher ambient temperatures resulted in a range in body temperature of up to 3.1°C. Native goats, when exposed to hotter days, even in conditions with water and food available, were unable to maintain their temperature within narrow limits. In conclusion, the use of remote sensing in long-term studies will allow advances in understanding the adjustments made by goats to maintain homeothermy in the face of a full set of stressors (high temperatures, high radiant heat loads, water, and food scarcity).
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JOSÉ RAY MARTINS FARIAS
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Saline concentration and microbiological profile of groundwater available for consumption by domestic ruminants in semi-arid agroecosystems in the state of Paraíba, Brazil
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Advisor : ALBERICIO PEREIRA DE ANDRADE
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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The scarcity of fresh water in semi-arid regions has driven the use of brackish groundwater to water ruminants. Therefore, knowing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of brackish groundwater is a fundamental step to support the breeding of domestic ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of total solids levels (TSD) and the microbiological profile of brackish groundwater in semi-arid agroecosystems in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, analyzing their implications for the production of domestic ruminants. The microbiological profile and STD levels of the water available for consumption by ruminants was
carried out in the Cariri Oeste and Seridó Oriental microregions, both located in the Messorregião da Borborema. Data collected during the years 2015, 2016 and 2017 from 25 artesian wells, 14 in the west of Cariri and 11 in the east of Seridó, were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. The study showed that the groundwater from wells in the two micro-regions has high
levels of DST total dissolved solids (735.9 to 14,459.9 mg/L), being characterized as fresh water (2.45% of wells), brackish (68.03 from the wells). And salty (29.50% of wells). The presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. was detected in 100% and 30% of the water from the sampled wells, respectively. The concentration of DST in the groundwater of Cariri Occidental and Seridó Oriental varies spatially, being classified as brackish or saline. Groundwater presents major limitations for the consumption of domestic ruminants, including the high concentration of salts and the presence of contaminating microorganisms.
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DIEGO FRANCISCO OLIVEIRA COELHO
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Effect of diets with high proportions of cactus on the intestinal microbiome and performance of confined sheep
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Advisor : EDSON MAURO SANTOS
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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This study comprised two experiments. First, a metagenomic analysis was carried out on the feces of sheep fed with cactus-based diets, divided into four treatments with levels of 7.5%, 15%, 30% and 45% inclusion of buffel grass hay. The objective was to observe the impacts on intestinal microorganisms and the incidence of diarrhea. Feces were collected weekly for fecal score analysis, in addition to metagenomic assessments on the 1st and 40th day. The phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes predominated in all diets, while Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia were observed in diets with 30% and 45% hay inclusion. At the taxon level, Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were predominant in the phylum Bacteroidetes, and Oscillospirace_UCG-005 and members of Lachnospiraceae were the predominant taxa of Firmicutes. The fecal score varied between 0 and 2 for all diets, with no cases of diarrhea or abundance of pathogenic bacteria. There was greater abundance and lower taxonomic richness in samples from animals that ingested diets with 7.5% and 15% hay inclusion, and the opposite effect of other diets. In the second experiment, nutrient intake, performance and cost of diets fed to sheep fed diets containing different proportions of cactus and buffel grass hay were evaluated. The objective was to identify the optimal level of hay inclusion in cactus-based diets. With 30% inclusion, the animals obtained higher dry matter intake (DMI), higher average daily gain (ADG) and higher total gain (GT). The maximum point for most consumption variables was reached when the animals consumed a diet with 25% hay inclusion. Higher feed conversion (CA) and feed efficiency (EA) were observed in animals that consumed the diet with 45% hay inclusion. The economic evaluation showed that, as cactus was reduced in the diet, it became more expensive. However, the net income generated by the 30% hay inclusion diet made this diet the most advantageous. Diets based on forage cactus with 30% hay inclusion promote the formation of a beneficial intestinal microbiome for sheep, in addition to providing greater weight gains and income.
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THALIS JOSE DE OLIVEIRA
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DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GLUTAMINE AND GLUTAMIC ACID ON PERFORMANCE, GENE EXPRESSION AND INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY IN EUROPEAN QUILTS WITH DELAYED ACCESS TO FOOD POST-HATCHING.
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Advisor : PATRICIA EMILIA NAVES GIVISIEZ
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Date: Feb 29, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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The study was developed with the aim of evaluating dietary supplementation of Glutamine (Gln) and Glutamic acid (Glu) on the performance, gene expression of transporters and intestinal morphology of European quails subjected to delayed access to post-hatch food. 360 one-day-old European quails were used, distributed in a completely randomized design and a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with six treatments and five replications of 12 birds each. The treatments corresponded to three times of late access to food (0, 24 and 48 hours) and two levels of glutamine supplementation associated with glutamic acid (0% Gln+Glu and 0.2% Gln+Glu). Live weight and feed intake were evaluated weekly, and weight gain and feed conversion were calculated between 1 21 and 1 42 days of age. The gene expression of Sglt1, Glut2 and Snat1 and Snat7 was evaluated by qPCR at 7, 14 and 21 days of age in jejunum samples. Birds submitted to late access of 48 hours showed lower performance results compared to those fed earlier. Supplementation of 0.2% Gln+Glu in the diet did not influence the performance of the birds. There was an interaction between the factors late access and diet on the relative expression of Sglt1 and Glut2 mRNA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Birds submitted to delayed access of 24 and 48 hours and the diet with 0.2% Gln+Glu supplementation showed the highest levels of Sglt1 mRNA expression. Glut2 mRNA expression was higher at seven days of age in birds submitted to delayed access of 24 and 48 hours and a diet with 0.2% Gln+Glu. The results showed a significant interaction between access to food and diet in the expression of Snat1 and Snat7 mRNA at different ages in quails. Snat7 expression at 7 and 14 days and late access to 48-hour and supplemented food resulted in the highest expression, and at 21 days, there was a reduction in the groups with late access. Regarding Snat1 expression at 7 and 14 days, the group with delayed access of 24 and 48 hours and supplemented showed higher levels of Snat1 expression, while at 21 days there was a reduction. Supplementation with 0.2% Gln+Glu resulted in an increase in VA for both birds with immediate access and those with a 24-hour delay. The immediate access and 24-hour delay groups exhibited the highest VSA results, regardless of supplementation. In conclusion, regardless of supplementation, late access to food for 24 and 48 hours was detrimental to the performance of European quails up to 21 days of age. Glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation increased Sglt1 mRNA expression in groups that received food late. Late access did not influence Glut2 mRNA expression, but supplementation promoted an increase in Glut2 mRNA expression. Glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation increased Snat1 and Snat7 mRNA expression in groups with delayed access to food until 14 days of age. Supplementation with 0.2% Gln+Glu in the diet of European quails, when subjected to delayed access to food in the first 48 hours of life, alone is not sufficient to guarantee ideal performance and repair of the intestinal mucosa.
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FRANCISCO ALDEVAN MIRANDA BEM
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FIBER IN NEUTRAL AND ACID DETERGENT IN DIETS FOR PREGNANT PIG MATRIXES
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Date: Feb 28, 2024
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Time: 08:30
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Show Summary
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This research work consists of a literature review, systematic review and meta-analysis of the implications of neutral and acid detergent fiber in the diet of pregnant sows and on productive performance in the gestation and lactation phase. Chapter I, represented by the literature review, demonstrates that several studies have been carried out in this field of investigation and, depending on the source and level of fiber used, its interaction with the intestinal microbiota has demonstrated strong evidence of improvements to the system. production, despite some inconsistencies between individual studies. Chapters II and III consist of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between fiber in its fractions determined by NDF and FDA, on productive performance during pregnancy and subsequent lactation, respectively. Systematized searches were carried out in three electronic databases (Pub Med, Web of Science and Scielo), which resulted in findings of 1934 articles. After exclusion and inclusion criteria, the database was composed of 67 studies, of which 32 had the same experimental period (the entire gestation phase) and performance data from 4538 sows were extracted for meta-analysis. An analysis of variance was applied to the generated database, using the SAS software (9.3), the procedure adopted was PROC MIXED and the RANDOM option, in which genetics, birth order, digestible lysine concentration and metabolizable energy were used. as variation factors (random effect). For the response variables of weight gain and bacon thickness during pregnancy, there was no difference (P<0.05) depending on the diet with low, medium and high fiber content based on NDF and ADF values. The number of piglets born and birth weight did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The duration of farrowing of sows fed diets with a medium fiber content (18.17 NDF and 7.07 ADF) was shorter, as was the number of stillbirths in the
high fiber group (25.58 NDF and 14.01 of FDA). The body conditions of sows during lactation and the weaning-estrus interval were not affected by NDF and ADF content in the diets (P<0.05). Voluntary feed intake during lactation was improved with the use of fiber-enriched diets during pregnancy. The inclusion of dietary fiber in the feed of pregnant sows, in NDF and ADF values, increases the number of weaned piglets and the weight of piglets at weaning. Pregnancy diets with average values of 14.01% ADF and 25.58% NDF do not affect performance and provided productivity gains.
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ALAN DOUGLAS DE LIMA ROCHA
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Salmonella enterica in water bodies under agricultural impact in the State of Paraíba: diversity of serotypes and risk factors associated with contamination
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Advisor : CELSO JOSE BRUNO DE OLIVEIRA
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Date: Feb 28, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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Salmonella enterica, a widespread zoonotic foodborne pathogen, remains a significant public health concern and economic burden worldwide. It is estimated that Salmonella ssp. cause 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually, leading to 59,100 deaths. In the United States (US), gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoid Salmonella alone is estimated to affect approximately one million people annually, resulting in approximately $3.7 billion in medical costs. Despite historic containment efforts focused on oral-fecal transmission and quality control in food production, the incidence of Salmonella persists, with concerning outbreaks associated with plant-based foods in recent years. An underestimation of Salmonella in aquatic environments and its potential long-term persistence raises concerns about the role of water in Salmonella epidemiology. Recent studies have shown that Salmonella's ability to remain viable in non-enteric environments is considerably greater than previously believed. Furthermore, Salmonella is not a microbial target for methods typically used to assess water quality. These aspects may point to the possibility that the presence and persistence of Salmonella in aquatic environments may be underestimated. This study investigated the environmental factors that influence Salmonella in natural watersheds used for agricultural and livestock purposes in Paraíba, Brazil. Furthermore, it carried out a survey of the main serovars involved in the contamination of these water resources.
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ANNA NEUSA EDUARDA FERREIRA DE BRITO
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SUPERDOSING PHYTASE FOR WHITE LAYERS
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Advisor : FERNANDO GUILHERME PERAZZO COSTA
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Date: Feb 28, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of phytase superdosing on the performance, internal and external quality of eggs and intestinal morphometry of white layers aged 40 to 80 weeks that received diets supplemented with phytase and on bone parameters of white layers 80 weeks. A total of 480 white layers distributed in six treatments with 10 repetitions and 8 white layers per repetition, namely: positive control (CP), negative control (CN), negative control with 600 FYT (CN-600FYT), negative control with 1200 FYT (CN-1200FYT), negative control with 1800 FYT (CN-1800FYT) and negative control with 2400 FYT (CN-2400FYT). Eight birds were slaughtered using electronarcosis treatment to collect the intestinal segments. A significant difference was observed for the diets supplemented with phytase in the variables feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, conversion per egg mass and per dozen, house weight, yolk weight and albumen weight. And it was observed that shell thickness was greater for the positive control and negative control diets. After slaughter, intestinal segments and tibias were collected. A greater villus-crypt ratio was observed for birds that received diets with phytase supplementation. There was a significant effect for mineral matter and breaking resistance for birds from CP (40.816 a) and CN-600FYT (27.314 a). It was concluded that the superdosing of phytase was efficient for the performance and intestinal health of light layers aged 40 to 80 weeks. And for layers at 80 weeks of age, the dosage of 600 FYT for light layers was effective for greater bone health in the birds.
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MIKAELLE DE SOUSA DUTRA
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NUTRITIONAL MONITORING OF RUMINANTS RAISED ON PASTURE USING NIR SPECTROSCOPY IN PORTABLE EQUIPMENT
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Advisor : ROBERTO GERMANO COSTA
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Date: Feb 28, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has proven to be a promising tool for estimating the nutritional value of the diet of grazing cattle, making it possible to obtain representative information on food consumption and diet quality quickly and non-destructively. This study sought to develop calibration and validation models to estimate the content of Crude Protein (CP), In vitro dry matter digestibility (DIVMS), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Detergent fiber acid (FDA) and dietary lignin using portable equipment. Samples of cultivated pasture from five Brazilian states were collected by simulated grazing, and spectra of cattle feces were obtained under three conditions: fresh, dried without grinding, and dried and ground, using the MicroNir OnSite-W device from VIAVI Solutions Inc. with reading range from 950 to 1650nm. The most effective mathematical pretreatments were SNV+SG1.4 and SNV+SG2.4, applicable to all types of sample processing, regardless of the period of the year. The calibration models for DIVMS presented higher R², maintaining consistency in different conditions (F=0.66; SSM=0.71; SM=0.74), indicating an equivalence of performance for application in samples devoid of moisture. However, the results indicate a limited ability of calibration models to accurately predict NDF, ADF and lignin contents in bovine fecal samples, regardless of processing. This highlights the complexity in analyzing these parameters and highlights the continuous need to improve analysis and 362
calibration techniques, as well as the importance of a robust database to improve the accuracy of estimates.
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ANDERSON LOPES PEREIRA
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Supplementation strategies for heifers on tropical pasture
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Advisor : EDSON MAURO SANTOS
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Date: Feb 27, 2024
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Supplementing heifers on tropical pastures during the rearing phase requires nutritional strategies that make it possible to maximize productive performance and reproductive efficiency, even in unfavorable climatic conditions for forage production. Therefore, two studies were carried out with the objective of evaluating different supplementation strategies for primiparous heifers kept on tropical pasture in different seasons. In the first chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation during three periods (rain/dry, drought and drought/rain) on the productive and reproductive performance of Nelore heifers in tropical pasture. 28 Nelore heifers were used, approximately eight months old and with an average body weight of 205.80 kg ± 16.50 kg. The heifers were subjected to two supplementation strategies, the 16 CP strategy (supplement containing 16% crude protein (CP)) and the 20 CP strategy (supplement containing 20% CP). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement, with two supplementation strategies and three periods (rain/dry, dry and dry/rain) with 14 replications (heifer). The experimental period consisted of three periods: rain/dry (56 days), drought (84 days) and drought/rain (60 days). For performance, the effect of the interaction between strategy x period was verified for the variables final body weight (FBW, kg) (P<0.032), total weight gain (TWG, kg) (P<0.039), stocking rate (UA .ha- 1) (P<0.020) and weight gain per area (GPA, @.ha- 1) (P<0.033). The lowest averages were observed during the dry period for the 20 CP strategy (271.74 kg; 31.48 kg; 3.99 AU.ha- 1 and 7.35 @.ha- 1, respectively). Only for FBW (P=0.012), TWG (P=0.007) and stocking rate (P=0.077) isolated treatment effects were observed, with the highest averages for the 16 CP strategy (337.89 kg; 131.52 kg; 4.14 AU.ha- 1). For period, an effect was verified for all performance variables (P<0.001). In the dry period, the lowest average for average daily gain (ADG, kg.day- 1) was observed, obtaining gains of 0.434 kg.day- 1 . In relation to the
reproductive efficiency of heifers, the 16 CP strategy was superior to the 20 CP strategy , as it
enabled a higher pregnancy rate of more than 80%. There was no effect of the interaction between strategy x period for any of the productive and morphological variables (P>0.05). An isolated effect of treatment (P<0.05) was verified for all variables, except leaf:stem ratio (P=0.485). The 16 CP strategy obtained higher averages compared to the 20 CP strategy for the productive and morphological variables. An effect of the period (P<0.001) was verified for all productive and morphological variables of the forage. During the dry/rainy period, the highest averages were observed for green leaf mass (GLM, kg.ha- 1 ), green blade mass (GBM, kg.ha- 1) and leaf:stalk ratio (1,750 kg.ha- 1 ; 0.907 kg.ha- 1 ; 1.40, respectively). In the chemical composition of the forage, only period effect was observed (P<0.001), where in the dry period the highest averages were obtained for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) ( g.kg-1) (514.90; 766.40; 447.30 g.kg- 1, respectively) and lower for crude protein (CP, g.kg-1
) obtaining 52.80 g.kg-1 . The 16 CP strategy provided better performance of heifers on grazing, and the dry/rainy period proved to be more favorable due to the quantity and quality of forage, associated with supplementation. In the second study, the objective was to evaluate three protein-energy supplementation strategies on the performance and biochemical parameters of heifers kept on tropical pasture during the rainy season. 30 ringed heifers, approximately 10 months old and with an average body weight of 195.57 kg ± 15.89 kg, were used. The heifers were subjected to three supplementation strategies: Strategy 0.3% (offer of 0.3% of body weight - BW), Strategy 0.6% (offer of 0.6% of BW) and Strategy 0.9% (offer of 0.9% of BW), for 77 days, with the first three cycles lasting 21 days each, and the last cycle lasting 14 days. The design was completely randomized, with three supplementation strategies and five replications (paddock). An effect of the strategy x cycle interaction was verified for final body weight (FBW, kg) (P<0.001) and weight gain per area (GPA, @.ha- 1) (P<0.001). The highest average FBW was recorded in cycle 4 for the 0.9%
strategy (266.11 kg), while the lowest GPA occurred in the 0.3% strategy (5.60 @.ha- 1) in the same cycle. Isolated effects of strategy were observed for dry matter intake (DMI, kg.day- 1 and
% BW), FBW (P=0.018), total weight gain (TWG, kg) (P=0.009), average daily gain (ADG, kg.day- 1
) (P=0.007) and GPA (P<0.001). The 0.6% and 0.9% strategies presented the highest averages for TWG (63.82 and 69.83 kg, respectively) and ADG (0.834 and 0.922 kg.day- 1, respectively). A cycle effect was verified for all performance variables analyzed (P<0.001). For DMI in kg.day- 1 and FBW, an increase was observed throughout the grazing cycles. Blood parameters showed effects of supplementation for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), with higher ALP means (290.31 and 266.10 U/L) for the 0.6% and 0.9% strategy, respectively, and higher average ALT (31.44 U/L) in the 0.3% strategy. No effects (P<0.05) of interaction between strategy x cycle or the isolated effect of strategy were observed for any of the grass's productive and morphological variables. However, there was a significant effect of the cycle (P<0.001) for all productive and morphological variables of the grass. The 0.6% strategy for heifers on tropical pasture favored productive performance, with greater weight gain and gain per area, without causing metabolic damage to the animals. Both studies highlighted the importance of supplementation strategies for heifers on tropical pastures, especially during challenging periods. Supplementation can significantly improve productive and reproductive performance, ensuring the health and adequate development of the herd. These findings are essential to guide nutritional management practices that aim to optimize livestock production in tropical regions.
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DANILO DANTAS DA SILVA
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Consortium of forage cactus and grasses: effects on the soil seed bank, soil macrofauna and nutritional value
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Advisor : ARIOSVALDO NUNES DE MEDEIROS
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Date: Feb 27, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, the study evaluated the composition, dynamics and diversity of the soil seed bank in a toposequence, considering the presence of the palm consortium with grasses. Soil samples were collected in three altitudinal gradients: top (PT), mid-slope (PM) and slope (PE). For comparison, samples were collected in a paddock of native pasture, enriched with the same grasses as forage cactus cultivation. The floristics of the area with forage palm presented 36 species, belonging to 31 genera and 16 botanical families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae and Malvaceae showed greater species richness. The native pasture, despite being located in an area adjacent to the top, presents differences in its floristic composition (24 species, 22 genera and 11 families). The toposequence seed bank presents high diversity and equity, which proves that the community is floristically heterogeneous and with few dominant species. The second study sought to analyze the influence of this consortium on the frequency of
occurrence, richness and diversity of soil macrofauna. Provid-type traps were installed in three altitude gradients of the topossequence (top, mid-slope and slope) and in the native pasture during two periods (dry and rainy). A total of 18,376 individuals were collected (8,723 in the dry season and 9,653 in the rainy season), distributed in 21 orders (17 top, 18 mid-slope, 16 on the slope and 15 in the pasture). The taxonomic group Hymenoptera Formicidae was predominant in the areas. Richness was lower in the dry period and the orders Archaeognatha, Scorpiones and Polydesmida occur exclusively on the slope, while Scolopendrida, on the mid-slope. The Shannon index was higher on the slope in both periods, driven by the lower participation of the order Hymenoptera. The third study investigated how changes in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stocks along the
toposequence impact the nutritional value of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck. The results revealed a linear increase in P stocks with the altitudinal gradient, while soil C and N were higher at the top and on the slope. It was also observed that concentrations of crude protein and minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) increased, while dry matter, total carbohydrates and fibrous compounds decreased at higher altitudes. These findings indicate variations in soil C, N and P stocks along the toposequence, with only P concentrations increasing with increasing altitude. The increase in soil P stocks is associated with a reduction in the concentration of fibrous compounds in N. cochenillifera
cladodes.
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LUANA DA SILVA CORDEIRO
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AGRONOMIC RESPONSES AND BROMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE CACTUS IN RESPONSE TO SOIL FERTILITY LEVELS.
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Date: Feb 27, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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The objective was to evaluate the effects of combined doses of nitrogen and potassium on cactus cultivation. The research was carried out in the countryside of Paraíba, in the municipality of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in split plots, with six replications. The plots were represented by the combined doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and the subplots by the application of lime (with and without lime). The spacing used was 1.70 m × 0.30 m × 0.10 m, which provided a density of 100,000 plants ha-¹. Five doses of N (7.8; 46.8; 78; 109 and 148 kg ha-¹) and five doses of K (30; 180; 300; 420 and 570 kg ha-¹) were combined. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance, F test and polynomial regression. The morphometric and productive variables showed quadratic behavior in relation to the combined doses. There was no significant difference in chemical composition. For the variable of plant height (AP), area related to primary cladode (ARC1), area related to total cladode (ARCT) and cladode area index (IAC) the combination between 109 kg of N and 180 kg of K, offered the highest averages, for the area variable related to the secondary cladode (ARC2), the dose of 46.6 kg of N with the same dose of K mentioned previously achieved greater area growth, for the dry matter content (MS ) and dry matter production (DMP), the combined doses of 7.8 kg of N and 30 kg of K, obtained greater responses. The subplots with limestone addition had a positive effect on all variables, except for green matter production (PMV), where 109 kg of N and 420 kg of K prevailed without limestone. The increase in combined doses of 109 and 180 kg ha-¹, N and K, respectively, when applied to the soil with the addition of limestone brings viability for palm nutrition.
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HEMERSON JOHNSON XAVIER DE ASSIS
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CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND MEAT QUALITY OF CONFINED SHEEP FED DIETS BASED ON BRS CAPIAÇU SILAGE ADDITIVATED WITH CORN BRAN
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Date: Feb 26, 2024
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Twenth one intact feedlot lambs (aged approximately 90 days, average live weight of 26.0kg), were used to evaluate the effects of diets based on BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage on the hot and cold weight, yield and pH of carcasses, and color, ribe eye area, cooking losses, shear force and proximate composition of Longissimus muscle. The animals were distributed in a randomized block experimental design (initial PV) with 3 treatments and seven replications, totalizing 21 plots. The experiment was conducted on a private property located in the municipality of São José dos Cordeiros PB and lasted 58 days (14 days of adaptation to the diets and 44 days of experimentation). Isoproteic diets using silage as roughage and soybean meal, ground corn grain and urea as concentrate, were formulated for a gain of 200g of BW/day with ad libitum water consumption by the animals. Two silages based on BRS Capiaçu elephant grass were tested, without and with addition of FM (10% FM based on DM) with corn silage as a control. For the variables initial weight (PI, P=0.8851), slaughter weight (PA, P=0.4261), hot carcass weight (PCQ, P=0.3456), hot carcass yield (RCQ, P=0.4202), cold carcass weight (PCF, P=0.2923), cold carcass yield (RCF, P=0.2820), true yield (RV, P=0, 7802), pH measured immediately after slaughter (pH0, P=0.0669),
pH measured 24 hours after slaughter (pH24, P=0.1376), finishing (AC, P=0.9573), renal-pelvic fat assessment (AGPR, P=0.0791) and body condition score (BCS, P=0.4585), no differences were observed between treatments. The animals that consumed corn silage had greater total weight gain (TWG, P=0.0018) and average daily gain (ADG, P=0.0018) than the animals that consumed Capiaçu grass silage. There were no significant differences in the variables of fat thickness (EG, P=0.9134),
loin eye area (AOL, P=0.0814) and carcass compactness index (ICC, P=0.2034) of the animals fed the different diets. For the color parameters of the Longissimus lumborum muscle, there was a difference in the a* coordinate (red intensity, P=0.0364) between the animals fed corn silage and Capiaçu silage with 10% FM, with average values of 15.39 and 13.69 for SM and SC+10%FM, respectively. Although some significant differences were observed, there were no losses in carcass and meat quality between the silages studied, so it can be concluded that silage from the BRS Capiaçu cultivar can be used to feed small ruminants as a substitute for corn silage.
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YOHANA ROSALY CORRÊA
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Detoxified castor bean meal as an additive for sugarcane ensilage in sheep confinement.
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Advisor : EDSON MAURO SANTOS
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Date: Feb 26, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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The present study was developed through the conduction of an experiment, which generated information that will be presented in the form of two chapters. It is emphasized, initially, that the sugarcane used in the experiments to be described was ensiled with the addition of detoxified castor bean meal at four levels 0, 10, 20, and 40% (based on natural matter). In the first chapter, the experiment was conducted aiming to evaluate the intake, performance, and digestibility of male crossbred lambs fed diets containing ensiled sugarcane with increasing levels of detoxified castor bean meal. Twenty-four sheep, with an average body weight of 25 ± 1.5 kg and approximately four months old, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of the four levels of inclusion of castor bean meal in sugarcane silage. Dry matter intake (g/day, % BW, and g/BW^0.75), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, total carbohydrates, and non-fiber carbohydrates were recorded. A decreasing linear effect (P<0.05) of the levels of castor bean meal inclusion was observed for crude protein and ether extract. Dry matter intake, organic matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, total carbohydrate intake, and non-fiber carbohydrate intake were not influenced by the inclusion of castor bean meal in sugarcane silage. There was an effect (P<0.05) of the levels of castor bean meal inclusion on apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. However, there was no effect (P>0.05) on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and non-fiber carbohydrates. Regarding performance, no effect of diets was observed on final body weight, total weight gain, average daily gain, feed
519 conversion ratio, and efficiency of feed utilization. Based on the absence of negative impacts on animal performance, it is recommended to incorporate up to 40% of detoxified castor bean meal in sugarcane silage diets for confined sheep for up to 60 days. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate the blood parameters and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed sugarcane silage supplemented with levels of detoxified castor bean meal. The experimental design and conditions were the same as in the first chapter. Blood samples were collected on the first and
526 forty-eighth experimental days, and liver, kidney, and rumen samples were collected after slaughter for histomorphometric analyses. There was no effect (P>0.05) on muscle tissue thickness and rumen papillae height. However, epithelial thickness, keratinized portion, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume showed significant effects (P<0.05) related to time and level of castor bean meal inclusion. No significant alterations (P>0.05) were identified in the blood count, leukogram, or in histopathological effects suggesting toxicity in animals due to the inclusion of castor bean meal in their diet. It is recommended to include up to 40% of detoxified castor
bean meal for use in sugarcane silage diets for sheep for up to 60 days without causing
535 negative impacts on animal health.
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MARIA ALYNE COUTINHO SANTOS
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Advisor : JULIANA SILVA DE OLIVEIRA
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Date: Feb 23, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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The regrowth age of tropical grasses intended for silage is a determining factor in the quality
of the preserved material, considering that the nutritional characteristics change according to
its height, as well as consumption, digestibility and animal performance depend on the quality
of this material. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of BRS Capiaçu grass silages
harvested at different heights and added with corn bran to replace corn plant silage in the diet
of sheep in confinement. Twenty-eight male animals were used, with no defined breed pattern,
with an average initial live weight of 18kg, distributed in a randomized block design, with
seven replications. The diets were composed of corn silage (CS), BRS capiaçu grass silage
harvested at 4m height (CGS4m), capiaçu grass silage harvested at 4m + 10% corn
(CGS4m+10%C) and capiaçu grass silage harvested at 2.5m height + 20% corn
(CGS2.5m+20%C). A significant effect was observed for DMI, OMI, CPI, EEI, NDFI, NFCI,
CC and TDN (P<0.0001), with CGS2.5m+20%C (43.04g/kg BW) and CGS4m (40 .44g/kg
BW) showed the highest DMI values, while CS (29.53g/kg BW) showed the lowest value.
For digestibility coefficients, statistical differences were also observed for all variables
evaluated, where CGS4m+10%C and CS showed similarity in terms of NDFD, obtaining
values of 590.95g/kg and 581.11g/kg, respectively. For TDN, the highest value was observed
in CS (828.79g/kg), followed by CGS4m (750.04g/kg) and CGS4m+10%C (738.60g/kg),
which did not differ from each other, while SGC2.5m+20%C presented the lowest value
(687.04g/kg) for this variable. Animals consuming SGC2.5m+20%C (2.59L/day) and SGC4m
(2.42L/day) demonstrated greater water intake via food, while animals fed CS showed greater
water intake via drinking fountain compared to the others diets. For total water intake, no
statistical difference was observed. For the performance variables, CS, SGC4m and
SGC4m+10%M did not demonstrate a statistical difference for the TG, being 8.81kg, 9.90kg
and 8.73kg, respectively. CS (4.25) and SGC4m+10%C (5.12) presented the best FC
compared to the other diets. For FE, the diet containing CS (240.16) also stood out, while the
others did not differ from each other. There was no effect for PF and ADG, which obtained
averages of 35.39kg and 0.21kg/day, respectively. No statistical difference was observed for
the time spent ruminating (419.58min/day), feeding (243.26min/day), idleness
(777.08min/day) and chewing (662.90min/day). For feeding efficiency there was an effect in
relation to g NDF/hour (P=0.0162), but no effect was observed for g DM/hour, as well as
there was no effect for rumination efficiency. For the chewing variables, there was a statistical
difference for chews/day (P=0.0003) and g DM/cake (P=0.0006). Therefore, it is
recommended as an alternative to replacing corn silage, the use of BRS Capiaçu grass silage
harvested 4m high and added with 10% corn.
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PAULO DA CUNHA TÔRRES JÚNIOR
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INFLUENCE OF TWO LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SORGHUM OR CORN INTERCROSS WITH UROCHLOA BRIZANTHA CV MARANDU IN THE LIVESTOCK CROP INTEGRATION SYSTEM IN THE CERRADO MINEIRO
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Advisor : EDSON MAURO SANTOS
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Date: Feb 19, 2024
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Time: 14:00
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Show Summary
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Crop-livestock integration (ILP) is an agricultural production system that combines animal husbandry with the production of agricultural crops, aiming to maximize natural resources, sustainability and economic profitability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and the cost of producing corn and sorghum silage under two levels of fertilization in the crop-livestock integration system. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Capim de Cheiro, in Paraopeba, MG, Brazil, in an Oxisol soil. Two agricultural crops were used (corn and silage sorghum) intercropped with Urochloa Brizantha cv. Marandu. With the respective consortiums: corn + grass with a high dose of fertilizer; sorghum + grass with a high dose of fertilizer; corn + grass with a low dose of fertilizer and sorghum + grass with a low dose of fertilizer. A randomized block design was used, with a 2x2 factorial design with two fertilizer levels and two crops, and five replications. The data were analyzed using the R software, using the F test. The highest production of natural matter was observed at the high dose level, with average values of 51,765.62 and 60,578.12 kg/ha, for the corn + grass and sorghum + grass, respectively. For the low dose of fertilizer, the highest production was observed for the sorghum + grass intercrop (31,993.75 kg/ha). The lowest costs per kilogram of dry matter were also observed at the highest level of fertilization, with values of R$ 0.30 and R$ 0.227, for the corn + grass and sorghum + grass consortia, respectively. At the end of the experiment, it was concluded that the high level of fertilizer dose guarantees a greater production of dry matter, regardless of the intercrop chosen, thus diluting the costs of recovering pastures.
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LAIORAYNE ARAÚJO DE LIMA
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Surface water sampling using modified Moore suabe: effect of using triplicates on the frequency and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars.
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Advisor : CELSO JOSE BRUNO DE OLIVEIRA
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Date: Feb 19, 2024
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Time: 08:00
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Show Summary
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The increasing number of studies reporting the occurrence of Salmonella enterica in non-recycled surface water warrants further investigations into their real role as potential sources of contamination. Considering the low concentration of Salmonella in water, the use of modified Moores swabs (MMS) has become a viable technique for the recovery of Salmonella enterica for this type of sample, enabling the sampling of larger volumes of water and reducing logistical costs. and problems. Here we report the unprecedented effects of using MMS replicates on the recovery and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars. 270 water samples were collected in triplicate using
MMS, totaling 810 swabs. MMS were cultured using standard microbiological procedures for isolation of S. enterica. Furthermore, we also tested the accuracy of enrichment broth-PCR as a screening method for S. enterica recovery. Furthermore, S. enterica serovars from a sample of 131 isolates were determined in silico after complete genome sequencing. The overall frequency of Salmonella enterica in water samples was 77.8% (210/270), while the frequencies observed in each individual replicate were 63.7, 62.6, and 61.1%. The use of triplicates resulted in higher (P<0.05) isolation
frequencies of Salmonella enterica. Among the 210 samples containing S. enterica, 123 (58.6%) were positive in all triplicates. However, 50 (23.8%) samples were positive in two of three replicates, while 32 (17.6%) samples were positive in only one of three replicates. Enrichment-PCR broth cultivation showed high sensitivity (83.8%) and specificity (84.2%) in detecting viable Salmonella compared to conventional water culture, although no significant differences were observed between Tetrationate broth and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth. Furthermore, the use of triplicates significantly increased the diversity of Salmonella serovars recovered from each sample. Our results indicated that the use of triplicates of 10L-MMS could significantly improve the
recovery and diversity of S. enterica serovars in water samples. However, other aspects involving technical and cost limitations associated with the use of triplicates must be considered.
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PALOMA EDUARDA LOPES DE SOUZA
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USE OF MICROENCAPSULATED ACIDS WITH ESSENTIAL OILS IN THE DIETS OF LAYING HEN
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Advisor : FERNANDO GUILHERME PERAZZO COSTA
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Date: Jan 26, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals is being restricted due to the development of bacterial resistance and posing risks to public health. Therefore, studies have intensified in search of alternative substances that cause similar or superior effects to antibiotics, which help in the development of the microbiota and intestinal morphology, obtaining better zootechnical results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing microencapsulated acids with essential oils in the diet of laying hens. The experiment was conducted at the Ovo Novo farm, using a total of 600 laying hens of the Novogen Brown line from 30 weeks of age distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, 10 replications with 10 birds each. The treatments were: control diet, 200AD1: 200g/t of additive 1, 500AD1: 500g/t of additive 1, 200AD2: 200g/t of additive 2, 500AD2: 500g/t of additive 2 and AD3: 500g/t of additive 3. Bird performance was evaluated based on variation in body weight, viability (%), egg production (%), feed consumption (g/bird/day), egg mass (g/bird/day), the feed conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dozen) and the conversion per egg mass (kg/kg). For egg quality, egg weight (g), shell thickness (mm), yolk index, yolk color, yolk centralization, Haugh Unit, specific gravity (g/cm3), percentage of albumen (%), yolk (%) and shell (%), pH of the yolk and albumen. Regarding the development of the gastrointestinal tract, the pH of the organs (cecum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, gizzard and proventriculus) and the weight of the organs and coelomic fat (gizzard, liver, small intestine, large intestine, fat, pancreas, proventriculus) were evaluated. and spleen). Data were analyzed using the 5% Tukey test and comparisons between means using orthogonal contrasts, using a significance level of P<0.05 for all analyses. The supplementation of microencapsulated acids with essential oils at a dosage of 500g/t of AD2 in the diets of laying hens proved to be more effective in maintaining zootechnical performance, egg quality, organ development and intestinal morphology.
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PALOMA EDUARDA LOPES DE SOUZA
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USE OF MICROENCAPSULATED ACIDS WITH ESSENTIAL OILS IN THE DIETS
OF LAYING HEN
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Advisor : FERNANDO GUILHERME PERAZZO COSTA
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Date: Jan 26, 2024
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Time: 09:00
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Show Summary
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