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LARYSSA QUERINO DA SILVA DUARTE
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EUBIOTIC FIBER ASSOCIATED OR NOT WITH L-GLUTAMINE IN THE DIET OF PIGS IN THE INITIAL PHASE
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Orientador : LEONARDO AUGUSTO FONSECA PASCOAL
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Data: 12/12/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Given the perception of the demands of the swine market related to the limitation of the use of
antimicrobials as growth promoters in swine diets, due to the possible increase in the resistance
of microorganisms, the objective of this study was to evaluate lignocellulose as a source of
eubiotic fiber associated or not with L-glutamine in diets for piglets in the initial phase. For this
purpose, 40 weaned piglets of the same genetics (Large White x Landrace) were used, aged 28
days and with an average weight of 6.5 ± 1.6 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with
four treatments and five replicates (two animals). The treatments were arranged as follows: DCNegative control diet without added antimicrobials; DG- Control diet with 0.5% L-glutamine;
DF- Control containing 2% Lignocellulose; and DFG- Control containing 2% Lignocellulose
+ 0.5% L-glutamine. The productive performance (weight gain, feed intake and feed
conversion), incidence of diarrhea, digestibility of nutrients and energy of the diets and
intestinal morphometry and the profile of short-chain fatty acids of the cecal content were
evaluated. The addition of lignocellulose as a source of eubiotic fiber and L-glutamine did not
affect (P>0.05) the performance, fecal score and weight of the digestive organs. Animals that
consumed DFG presented (P<0.05) lower coefficients of digestibility of dry matter (DM),
organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) when compared to the others.
It did not affect the development parameters of the organs independent of the diet used, in the
villus height (AV) and crypt depth (CP) there are no differences, DF and DG have higher
coefficients, thus indicating that these diets can improve the height and depth proportions of the
crypts. Supplementation with eubiotic fiber + L-glutamine did not affect the short-chain fatty
acid (SCFA) profile parameters. The addition of 2% lignocellulose as a source of eubiotic fiber
and 0.5% L-glutamine separately showed benefits to intestinal morphology, even without
improving production responses. The association between the fiber source (Lignocellulose) and
L-glutamine reduced the digestibility coefficients, but the fatty acid profile did not change.
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ARLAN ARAUJO RODRIGUES
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PROTEIN ENRICHMENT OF AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE FOR FEEDING RUMINANTS
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Data: 05/11/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of protein enrichment of agroindustrial residues with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as an alternative protein source in ruminant diets. For this purpose, three experiments were conducted: The first study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of cassava fermented with S. cerevisiae yeast on performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal microflora and ruminal fermentation in cattle. The effects of yeast fermented cassava (YFC) in cattle diets were evaluated using the mean difference as a measure of effect size. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to investigate heterogeneity. The meta-analysis revealed that the inclusion of fermented cassava significantly increased dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility. An increase in volatile fatty acid and propionate concentrations (p<0.05) was observed, in addition to an increase in the population of bacteria and fungi (p<0.05), with a reduction in the protozoan count (p<0.05). Lactating cows fed fermented cassava produced 1 kg/day more milk (p<0.05), with improvements in milk composition, including an increase in fat, protein and lactose (p<0.05). The inclusion of YFC in cattle concentrate improves fermentation and ruminal efficiency, dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and milk composition. The second study aimed to evaluate the use of agricultural residues as substrates for protein enrichment with S. cerevisiae. A completely randomized design in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme was used, consisting of four industrial residues (acerola bagasse, cassava root, orange bagasse and pineapple peel) and two evaluations (before and after protein enrichment), with three replicates. The chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein fractionation, and in vitro gas production of the
residues were evaluated. The enrichment process resulted in a significant increase in protein content and reduction in the fibrous fraction in all residues analyzed (p<0.05). The enriched residues showed lower total gas production compared to untreated ones (p<0.05). Protein enrichment with S. cerevisiae is a promising alternative to increase the protein content of agroindustrial residues. The third study evaluated the impact of replacing soybean meal with agroindustrial residues enriched with yeast on ruminal fermentation kinetics and in vitro gas production. Using a 3×5 factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replicates, the study tested different agroindustrial residues (acerola, orange and pineapple) and replacement levels (0%, 25% 50%, 75% and 100% of dry matter). Cumulative gas production was measured using the Gompertz model. The results showed that the inclusion of pineapple residue linearly increased total gas production (p<0.05), while acerola residue reduced this production (p<0.05). Organic matter digestibility increased with the inclusion of orange and pineapple residues (p<0.05), while acerola residue was not efficient (p>0.05), resulting in lower responses in the evaluated variables compared to the control treatment. The results indicate that the use of enriched residues can replace soybean meal up to 100% in the concentrate, benefiting ruminal fermentation and digestibility.
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LARYSSA QUERINO DA SILVA DUARTE
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Eubiotic fiber associated or not with l-glutamine in the diet of piglets in the initial phase.
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Orientador : LEONARDO AUGUSTO FONSECA PASCOAL
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Data: 27/09/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Given the perception of the demands of the pig market related to the use of antimicrobials, in which they are being banned as growth promoters in the pig diet, due to the possible increase in the resistance of microorganisms, the objective was to evaluate lignocellulose as a source of eubiotic fiber with or without L-glutamine in diets for piglets in the initial phase. Forty weaned piglets were used, from the same commercial lineage (Large White x Landrace), approximately 28 days old and an average weight of 6.5kg+- 1.6, distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications (two animals) . The treatments were arranged as follows: DC- Negative control diet without addition of antimicrobials; DG- Control diet with 0.5% L-glutamine; DL Control containing 2% Lignocellulose; and DLG Control containing 2% Lignocellulose + 0.5% L-glutamine. Productive performance (weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion), incidence of diarrhea, digestibility of nutrients and energy in diets and intestinal morphometry were evaluated. The addition of lignocellulose as a source of eubiotic fiber and L-glutamine did not affect (P>0.05) performance, fecal score and weight of digestive organs. Animals that consumed DFG had (P<0.05) lower digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and EB when compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the use of 2% lignocellulose and 0.5% L-glutamine in combination did not affect productive performance and incidence of diarrhea, but did not bring benefits to piglets in the initial phase.
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TAMIRIS MATIAS DA COSTA
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Orientador : RICARDO ROMAO GUERRA
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Data: 26/09/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and the occurrence of histomorphometric changes in the digestive and renal systems of goats submitted to a diet with different levels of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) and with partial or total restriction of drinking water. We used 35 castrated male goats, with an average initial body weight of 18.6 + 1.44 kg, an average age of 8 months and distributed in 5 treatments: control (CON); 25% of forage cactus with access to drinking water (25CA); 25% of cactus without access to drinking water (25SA); 55% forage cactus with access to drinking water (55CA); 55% of forage cactus without access to drinking water (55SA). All treatments had a forage:concentrate ratio of 80:20, with the palm offerings studied (25% or 55%) complemented with Tifton hay (55% or 25%, respectively). The concentrated fraction was composed of corn, soy, urea and mineral supplement. The experimental model was a completely randomized design in a double factorial scheme with a control as an additional treatment, being of the type (2 x 2) + 1, totaling 5 treatments with 7 replications each. Initial weight, final weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake and water intake were evaluated. Ruminal and intestinal morphometry, hepatic glycogen reserve index, duodenal goblet cell index and liver and kidney histopathology were performed. The means were compared by contrast using the Dunnett test at 5% probability. Observing the performance data, we can notice that the variables were not influenced (P>0.05) by the interaction between the level of palm in the diet and supply of drinking water (PxA). Weight loss was observed, attributed to a low forage:concentrate ratio of 80:20. In treatments that had palm added to the diet, the animals ingested less water compared to the control. In the treatment including 25% forage cactus and 55% tifton hay, dry matter consumption increased by 26%. In the rumen, epithelium thickness, keratinized portion, papilla height, papilla area and rumen muscular layer thickness did not show a significant effect (P>0.05) due to the interaction of palm level and access and restriction to drinking water. In the papilla absorption area, it was noticed that the 55% level of cactus provided a greater area (P<0.05) compared to the 25% level and the control. The keratinized portion was greater in treatments with access to water when compared to the group with water restriction. The epithelial goblet cell index changed depending on the inclusion of palm (P=0.0001), providing the highest average at the level of 55% of palm. The hepatic glycogen stock index was significantly higher for the 55CA treatment compared to 55SA. The presence of granular cylinders was observed in all treatments with palm offering, with these changes being more evident in the 55SA treatment, which also presented intratubular birefringent radiated crystals, dilation of the urinary space and necrosis of tubular cells. It is concluded that forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) can be used in the goat diet at a concentration of up to 55%, associated with tifton, with or without water restriction, without causing losses in animal performance or at ruminal, intestinal and hepatic levels.
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GIOVANNA MARIA DOS SANTOS CAMARA
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Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth and carcass traits in Duroc pigs
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Data: 20/09/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Pig farming in the world represents one of the main sources of animal protein sources for human consumption. In this sense, animal breeding studies are needed to improve economically relevant traits related to the quantity and quality of products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for body weights, average daily gain of different ages
and carcass characteristics to define new selection criteria in Duroc pigs. A database was used with information from selected herds of the Duroc breed belonging to a pig genetic improvement company. Weight characteristics were evaluated at 70, 100 and 155 days of age (P70, P100, and P155); average daily weight gain (GMD1, GMD2, and GMD3), fat thickness (FAT), loin depth (LD), and intramuscular fat content (IMF). To estimate genetic parameters, the restricted maximum likelihood methodology was used, under an animal model, in singleand two-trait analyses. In single-trait analyses, the influences of the random effects of the animal's permanent environment, maternal genetics and maternal permanent environment were tested. To define the most appropriate models, the likelihood ratio test was used. After defining the models, two-trait analyzes were conducted to estimate genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations between the studied characteristics. The heritability estimates ranged from for 0,15±0,03 a 0,58±0,04. Maternal heritability ranged from 0,02±0,01 (P155) a 0,04±0,02 (P70). Genetic correlations ranged from -0,10±0,10 (P70 x GMD3) a 0,87±0,03 (P100 x GMD1). The estimated heritability coefficients for the studied traits in Duroc pigs demonstrate that selection for body weight, weight gain and carcass traits is possible. It can be considered that the use of GMD2 may promote direct gains in the trait itself, as well as for the other weights and weight gains. Regarding the carcass traits, selection for GMD2 will promote indirect and favorable gains in LD and IMF; however, it should be performed with caution, as there is a chance of increasing the percentage of fat in the carcass. Direct selection for LD does not appear to affect FAT and IMF, a desirable situation if the objective is to increase the amount of meat produced without increasing the percentage of fat.
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MAX CHATEAUBRIAND AZEVEDO
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Use of phytase in diets with low inclusion of animal protein in shrimp fattening in low salinity waters.
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Orientador : RICARDO ROMAO GUERRA
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Data: 30/08/2024
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Hora: 10:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Crustaceans use protein as their main source of energy obtained from the aquatic food chain. This trophic chain has low levels of carbohydrates and high levels of lipids and proteins, resulting in the use of these nutrients as a source of energy in the natural environment. Therefore, food management is one of the crucial points for shrimp farming in farming environments. Therefore, the present work was extended with the objective of establishing a phytase supplementation protocol at different levels in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei. Post-larvae of the marine shrimp L. vannamei (PL7, Speedline strain) were used, acclimatized and subsequently kept in ponds for 50 days. From day 1 to day 15, post-larvae were fed a starter diet with 40% crude protein, 90 grams of ether extract and 12 grams of minimum phosphorus. From day 16 to day 21, the animals were fed juvenile food with 38% crude protein, 90 grams of ether extract and 12 grams of minimum phosphorus. Finally, the animals were fed from day 22 to day 50 with growth and fattening feed, with 35% crude protein, 75 grams of ether extract and a minimum phosphorus of 8 grams. Subsequently, 11 shrimp with an average weight of 4.65 ± 0.010 grams were distributed in ponds with a capacity of 100 liters of water, with pH (8.5-9.1), total alkalinity of 180 mg CaCO3 /L, nitrite (<0.1 mg/L), nitrate (<0.1 mg/L), ammonia (<0.1 mg/L), total hardness 400 mg/L, Ca hardness 112 mg/L, hardness Mg 288 mg/L and salinity 1.4 ppt. The animals were distributed in a randomized design (8 replications) into 6 different groups, as follows: Positive control: animals that were fed only with food at adequate levels; negative control: no added phosphorus (0 phosphorus); group T3: negative control + 1000 FTU; group T4: negative control + 2000 FTU; group T5: negative control + 3000 FTU and group T6: negative control and 4000 FTU/kg. At 17 days, the shrimp in the positive and negative control groups had an average weight of 7.13g and 6.05g, respectively (P= 0001). When weight gain was observed at 28 days, there was a significant difference (P= 0.001), where the shrimp in the group supplemented with 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 FTU/kg gained weight by 7.63; 7.44 and 7.61g, respectively, being higher when compared to the negative control group and the group supplemented with 4000 FTU/kg. At 38 days, shrimp from all groups achieved greater weight gain when compared to shrimp from the negative control group (P=0.001). The shrimp in the group supplemented with 1000 to 2000 FTU of phytase per kg of feed had an average weight of 10.60 and 10.58 g, being the same when compared to the shrimp in the positive control group, which had an average weight of 10.67 g (P = 0.001). The effect of phytase levels were analyzed using linear-quadratic regression analysis y=9.749+ 0.788*x -0.178*x² presenting an R2 0.66. The maximum point of weight gain (g) due to the level of phytase addition was 22210FTU/kg of feed.
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OCTAVIO GOMES DA CUNHA FILHO
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FOOD SUPPLEMENTS WITH OR NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PROBIBIOTICS FOR BEES Melipona scutellaris
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Orientador : PATRICIA EMILIA NAVES GIVISIEZ
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Data: 29/08/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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This thesis work was carried out to investigate the use of food supplements with probiotics as
an alternative source of food for stingless bees, as it is known that the availability of floral
resources for bees changes constantly in terms of quantity and quality, varying over time. of the
year and region. In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on the use of soy derivatives
in protein supplementation for stingless bees. Good acceptance and good physiological
development of bees were found, particularly soy extract, which proved to be effective as a
food supplement for bees. stingless to replace pollen. A search was carried out in electronic
databases for scientific articles between September and December 2023, using Google Scholar,
Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect. The systematic review was guided by PRISMA standards.
Using the PICo (Population, Interest and Context) methodology, search terms included "bees"
or "stingless bees" (P), "soybean" (I), and bee performance and health parameters (Co). Boolean
operators were used to refine the searches. After screening, 544 articles were found and
reviewed, with 7 selected as eligible for detailed review. In chapter 2, a literature review was
carried out on bee nutrition and the morphology of the bee digestive tract. Topics were covered
regarding the eating habits of eusocial bees, characterization of Meliponas scutellaris bees,
protein and energy supplementation for bees and anatomy and physiology of the digestive tract
of stingless bees. Chapter 3 was composed of a scientific article, in which the use of dietary
supplementation with probiotics in morphometric measurements of Melipona scutellaris bees
was investigated. 12 pre-founded colonies already well established in the meliponary were used,
with four replications per treatment. The treatments consisted of the control treatment (CN), in
which they had access only to natural food; treatment (SP), in which the colonies were fed a
protein supplement consisting of soy extract + sugar + water; and treatment (SPP), in which the
colonies were fed with soy extract + Embiotic® probiotic + sugar + water. The total period of
supplementation was 90 days, to evaluate the colony's performance parameters, every ten days
the colony's consumption and weight data were collected, to evaluate the biometric parameters
of the nurse bees, a total of 300 bees were collected. , 5 bees per colony in periods 10, 20, 30,
60 and 90 days of supplementation. Body weight, femur length (C.FEM), tibia length (C.TIB),
tibia area (A.TIB), metatarsal length (C.META), metatarsal width (L) were collected from these
bees. .META), wing length (W.ASA), and wing width (W.ASA). The supplements offered were
consumed and manipulated by the bees, indicating acceptance by the colonies and that both SP
and SPP can be provided to assist in the maintenance and development of the colony. The
supplementation was significant for the accumulated weight gain of the colonies, in the
treatments in which the colonies were supplemented, during this period evaluated. However,
there was no difference between SP and SPP. The same observed in biometric parameters,
dietary supplements with or without probiotic significantly increased the measurements of the
parameters (C.FEM, C.TIB, A.TIB, C.META, L.META, C.ASA, L.ASA ), compared to CN
treatment. Indicative that the supplemented colonies improved the availability of nutrients in
the formation of new individuals. In chapter 4, the objective was to evaluate dietary
supplementation with probiotics on the morphology and morphometry of the midgut of
Melipona scutellaris.
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RONEY TEIXEIRA DA SILVA
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USE OF FOUNDER BREEDS TO BENEFIT THE IMPUTATION ACCURACY IN COMPOSITE BEEF CATTLE
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Data: 19/07/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Imputation is a statistical method that has the advantage of reducing genotyping costs, since it is possible to impute genotypes with low and medium marker densities to high densities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the imputation accuracy, for the entire set of markers and for rare alleles, in Canchim (CA) and MA genetic group (MA) animals with the incorporation of genotypes from the founding breeds Nelore (NE) and Charolais (CH). Genotypes of 285 CA, 114 MA, 897 CH and 809 NE animals were used. All animals were genotyped with a high-density BovineHD BeadChip (HD) panel containing 777,962 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Only autosomal chromosomes with known positions were considered. Seventeen imputation scenarios (C1 to C17) were tested, in which high-density genotypes were reduced to the BovineSNP50 BeadChip panel (50K), with 54,609 SNPs, only for the target population, in which CA, MA and CAN (CA + MA) animals were considered. The reference populations remained with HD genotypes, alternating
the breeds. Imputation was performed using algorithms implemented in the FImpute software. Imputation accuracy was assessed by the concordance rate (CR) and the square of allelic correlation (allelic r²), considering all markers and rare alleles, which were determined by the minor allele frequency (MAF). Principal component analyses of the allelic fixation index helped in the evaluation of the scenarios. When comparing the imputed markers with those present in the original HD, it was found that the imputation accuracy, measured by the allelic r², ranged from 0.5937 to 0.9332, and the CR ranged from 63.25% to 92.17%. Scenario C11, whose reference population considered CH + CA animals and the target population considered MA animals, presented the highest imputation accuracies, attributing this result to a greater genetic proximity between CH animals and CA and MA animals. According to the allelic fixation index, the average genetic divergence between the reference population and the target population in scenario C11 was equal to 0.0419. The imputation results for rare alleles indicated that the inclusion of the founding breeds together with CA or MA in the formation of the reference panel benefited the accuracies. The benefits of using a reference population that considers the founding breeds for imputation of CA or MA animals were verified for the general accuracy (all markers) and for rare alleles (MAF), being indicated for future genomic evaluations of the Canchim breed and MA genetic group.
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WILSON ARAUJO DA SILVA
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ENZYME COMPLEXES ASSOCIATED OR NOT WITH Yucca schidigera EXTRACT FOR PIGLETS IN THE INITIAL PHASE
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 15:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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In chapter 1, a systematic review was carried out on enzyme complexes for piglets in the initial phase regarding performance and digestibility. A search was carried out in electronic databases using the PICo method (Population, Interest and Context). The articles were exported to a reference manager and subjected to selection criteria. 52.5% of studies focus on the period from 2012 to 2022. China has the highest number of publications (9), followed by the USA (8) and Brazil (7). The enzymes most used in the complexes were xylanase (33), β-glucanase (27), protease (16) and phytase (14). Single and increasing dosages of enzyme complexes improved performance and digestibility. In chapter 2, the extract of Yucca schidigera (YSE) for piglets was investigated based on a bibliographical review. The reported beneficial effects are associated with saponins and polyphenolic compounds present in YSE. Chapter 3 is an experiment on the use of enzyme complexes on the digestibility of all-vegetable diets for piglets in the initial phase and excretion of pollutants. Twenty-four 35-day-old male piglets were used, distributed in randomized blocks in three treatments: DC: Control diet; CDE1: CD with 200 g ton 1 of enzyme complex; CDE2: DC with 400 g ton-1 of enzyme complex. CDE2 increased mineral availability, NDF digestibility and ADF. Supplementation increased the availability and decreased excretion of minerals. Enzyme complexes with protease (140.0 to 2800.0 HUT/ kg-1 of diet), phytase (60.0 SPU kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (8.0 to 18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) improve availability and decrease the excretion of minerals. Higher levels of protease (2800.0 HUT Kg-1 of diet) and cellulase (18.0 CMCU Kg-1 of diet) are necessary to improve fiber digestibility. In chapter 4, enzyme complexes associated or not with plant extracts in diets for weaned piglets were evaluated. Forty-eight 28-day-old animals were used, distributed in randomized blocks across six treatments: CD: Control Diet; CDY: CD with 125 g ton-1 of Yucca schidigera Extract (YSE); CDE: CD with 200 g ton-1 of enzyme complex; CDME: DC with 400 g ton-1 of multienzyme complex with emulsifier; CDE+Y1: CDE + EYS (125 g ton-1); CDE +Y2: CDE + EYS (250 g ton-1). CDE + Y1 improved feed conversion. CDE, CDME and CDE +Y1 improved the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, energy and P and reduced the excretion of P. Greater AV/PC, mucosal thickness and jejunal absorptive area were verified with the supplementations. The total number of goblet cells decreased when piglets consumed CDE +Y2. Exogenous enzymes with plant extracts decreased the relative expression of TNF-α mRNA; MUC-2 decreased with supplementation; that of NaPi-IIb increased with the use of CDE, while that of SGLT-1 increased with CDY and CDE; that of PEPT-1 increased with CDY, CDME, CDE+Y1 and CDE+Y2. Exogenous enzymes associated or not with plant extracts (125 g ton-1 of YSE and 52 g kg-1 of emulsifier) in piglet diets optimize production efficiency, promote improvements in the digestibility and absorption of dietary nutrients, intestinal histology, contribute to intestinal health and reduce the excretion of P.
Keywords:
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ANGELICA SOARES DE MENDONCA LOPES
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EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF THE EXTRACT OF Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) IN THE DIET ON THE RUMINAL METABOLISM, PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF MEAT OF GOATS
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Orientador : ARIOSVALDO NUNES DE MEDEIROS
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding Catingueira extract (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.) on intake, digestibility, performance, quantitative carcass characteristics and weight of commercial cuts of kids in confinement. To obtain the extract, leaves and branches of Catingueira (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.) in full development stage were collected. The extract was prepared using an exhaustive maceration process for 72 hours using ethanol and, after concentration in a rotary evaporator, the extract was encapsulated in gelatin capsules. Thirty crossbred kids (Saanen x Alpino americano) were used, distributed in a completely randomized design (DIC), with 3 treatments and 10 replications. Treatments were formed according to plant extract doses (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.), as follows: Treatment 1 Standard diet + 0 mg of extract / kg of body weight (control); Treatment 2 standard diet + 15 mg of extract / kg of body weight; Treatment 3 standard diet + 30 mg of extract / kg of body weight. Intake, digestibility, performance, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, hot and cold carcass yields, weight loss on cooling and primary carcass cut weight were considered. There was no effect of adding Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) extract for any of the evaluated variables (P> 0.05). The average hot and cold carcass yield was 50.05 and 47.60%, respectively. Weight loss by medium cooling was 4.90% (p = 0.312). The doses of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) extract used in the present study, for suckling kids, do not alter nutrient intake and digestibility, quantitative carcass characteristics and weights of primary carcass cuts.
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MATEUS LACERDA PEREIRA LEMOS
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CACTACEAE OF THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID: METAGENOMIC APPROACH TO INVESTIGATE THE MICROBIOTA OF FORAGE CACTUS SILAGE AND THE INTESTINE OF RATS WITH COLITIS TREATED WITH XIQUE-XIQUE JUICE
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The growing interest in the industrial exploration of cacti has gained traction in
biotechnology due to recent research demonstrating their benefits for human and
animal nutrition. With progress in microbiology and the increasing understanding of the
microbiota's crucial roleespecially its influence on the hostit has become
necessary to evaluate the effects of cacti consumption on gut microbiota, considering
its potential impact on health benefits. Simultaneously, interest in using cacti for forage
preservation through ensiling has risen, with a particular focus on forage cactus, which
is highly relevant in semi-arid climates and tropical countries such as northeastern
Brazil. Understanding the unique fermentation processes involved in cactus silage has
therefore become essential. Furthermore, investing in research on lactic acid bacteria
is crucial, as they are key mediators of fermentation with applications ranging from
inoculants to probiotics. The first study investigated the effects of xique-xique
(Pilosocereus gounelli) juice on the gut microbiota of healthy rats and those with
induced colitis. The hypothesis was based on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and
potential prebiotic properties, suggesting that the juice could modulate gut microbiota
composition and promote health. The results indicated significant changes in gut
microbial diversity in treated groups, with a reduction in taxa associated with
inflammation. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed with beneficial microbial
families such as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, and
Saccharimonadaceae, alongside an increase in metabolic pathways linked to intestinal
recovery, including short-chain fatty acid production and mucosal barrier
strengthening. The second study analyzed the microbial dynamics during the
fermentation of cactus silage, revealing a rapid fermentation pattern with a pH drop
within two weeks. The main microbial genera involved were Lactobacillus, Weissella,
and Pediococcus, with Weissella dominating both the initial fermentation stage and the
aerobic stability phase. Functional analyses indicated activity in the phosphoketolase
pathway and other heterofermentative routes, reinforcing the viability of cactus silage
as a forage production alternative in tropical climates. The third study explored the
genomic functionality of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC024, a potential probiotic
strain isolated from artisanal cheese. In silico analysis confirmed its adaptation to the
gastrointestinal tract and its safety, including the absence of mobile resistance genes.
The study also identified gene clusters associated with bacteriocin production and
CRISPR sequences, highlighting its probiotic potential. The strain demonstrated the
ability to grow in dairy products and modulate the hosts immune response. By
addressing different interactions between plants and microorganisms, these three
studies contribute to advancing nutraceutical, food, and health-promoting applications,
expanding the biotechnological knowledge surrounding these topics.
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JOSE DANRLEY CAVALCANTE DOS SANTOS
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THERMOREGULATION OF GOATS RAISED IN SEMIARID EQUATORIAL ENVIRONMENT
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Orientador : EDILSON PAES SARAIVA
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Goats raised in production systems in the semiarid region are often challenged by high temperatures, low water availability, food scarcity, and high radiant heat loads experienced in the rearing environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate through remote sensing (biologgers) how native goats modulate their responses to maintain homeothermy in the face of semiarid challenges. For this purpose, twenty-six goats of Moxotó and Canindé breeds underwent surgical procedures, during which temperature sensors (Star Oddi, DST mili-T) were implanted to perform frequent measurements of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal temperatures. Air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, rainfall, forage mass, soil temperature, and average radiant temperature were measured to characterize the challenges faced by the animals. Our results showed effectiveness in the continuous measurement of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous temperature through remote sensing. Subcutaneous temperature varied on average by 8°C, with peaks between 12:00 and 13:00 and lows between 04:00 and 06:00. The average intraperitoneal temperature was 39.0°C, with peaks between 14:00 and 15:00. The vasomotor index showed an average amplitude of 0.94°C, reaching a peak at 20:00. During the hottest days, Moxotó and Canindé goats registered peaks of body temperature of up to 41.1 and 41.3°C, respectively. Exposure to higher ambient temperatures resulted in a range in body temperature of up to 3.1°C. Native goats, when exposed to hotter days, even in conditions with water and food available, were unable to maintain their temperature within narrow limits. In conclusion, the use of remote sensing in long-term studies will allow advances in understanding the adjustments made by goats to maintain homeothermy in the face of a full set of stressors (high temperatures, high radiant heat loads, water, and food scarcity).
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JOSÉ RAY MARTINS FARIAS
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Saline concentration and microbiological profile of groundwater available for consumption by domestic ruminants in semi-arid agroecosystems in the state of Paraíba, Brazil
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Orientador : ARIOSVALDO NUNES DE MEDEIROS
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The scarcity of fresh water in semi-arid regions has driven the use of brackish groundwater to water ruminants. Therefore, knowing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of brackish groundwater is a fundamental step to support the breeding of domestic ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of total solids levels (TSD) and the microbiological profile of brackish groundwater in semi-arid agroecosystems in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, analyzing their implications for the production of domestic ruminants. The microbiological profile and STD levels of the water available for consumption by ruminants was
carried out in the Cariri Oeste and Seridó Oriental microregions, both located in the Messorregião da Borborema. Data collected during the years 2015, 2016 and 2017 from 25 artesian wells, 14 in the west of Cariri and 11 in the east of Seridó, were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. The study showed that the groundwater from wells in the two micro-regions has high
levels of DST total dissolved solids (735.9 to 14,459.9 mg/L), being characterized as fresh water (2.45% of wells), brackish (68.03 from the wells). And salty (29.50% of wells). The presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. was detected in 100% and 30% of the water from the sampled wells, respectively. The concentration of DST in the groundwater of Cariri Occidental and Seridó Oriental varies spatially, being classified as brackish or saline. Groundwater presents major limitations for the consumption of domestic ruminants, including the high concentration of salts and the presence of contaminating microorganisms.
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DIEGO FRANCISCO OLIVEIRA COELHO
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Effect of diets with high proportions of cactus on the intestinal microbiome and performance of confined sheep
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Orientador : EDSON MAURO SANTOS
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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This study comprised two experiments. First, a metagenomic analysis was carried out on the feces of sheep fed with cactus-based diets, divided into four treatments with levels of 7.5%, 15%, 30% and 45% inclusion of buffel grass hay. The objective was to observe the impacts on intestinal microorganisms and the incidence of diarrhea. Feces were collected weekly for fecal score analysis, in addition to metagenomic assessments on the 1st and 40th day. The phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes predominated in all diets, while Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia were observed in diets with 30% and 45% hay inclusion. At the taxon level, Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were predominant in the phylum Bacteroidetes, and Oscillospirace_UCG-005 and members of Lachnospiraceae were the predominant taxa of Firmicutes. The fecal score varied between 0 and 2 for all diets, with no cases of diarrhea or abundance of pathogenic bacteria. There was greater abundance and lower taxonomic richness in samples from animals that ingested diets with 7.5% and 15% hay inclusion, and the opposite effect of other diets. In the second experiment, nutrient intake, performance and cost of diets fed to sheep fed diets containing different proportions of cactus and buffel grass hay were evaluated. The objective was to identify the optimal level of hay inclusion in cactus-based diets. With 30% inclusion, the animals obtained higher dry matter intake (DMI), higher average daily gain (ADG) and higher total gain (GT). The maximum point for most consumption variables was reached when the animals consumed a diet with 25% hay inclusion. Higher feed conversion (CA) and feed efficiency (EA) were observed in animals that consumed the diet with 45% hay inclusion. The economic evaluation showed that, as cactus was reduced in the diet, it became more expensive. However, the net income generated by the 30% hay inclusion diet made this diet the most advantageous. Diets based on forage cactus with 30% hay inclusion promote the formation of a beneficial intestinal microbiome for sheep, in addition to providing greater weight gains and income.
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THALIS JOSE DE OLIVEIRA
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DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GLUTAMINE AND GLUTAMIC ACID ON PERFORMANCE, GENE EXPRESSION AND INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY IN EUROPEAN QUILTS WITH DELAYED ACCESS TO FOOD POST-HATCHING.
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Orientador : PATRICIA EMILIA NAVES GIVISIEZ
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Data: 29/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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The study was developed with the aim of evaluating dietary supplementation of Glutamine (Gln) and Glutamic acid (Glu) on the performance, gene expression of transporters and intestinal morphology of European quails subjected to delayed access to post-hatch food. 360 one-day-old European quails were used, distributed in a completely randomized design and a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with six treatments and five replications of 12 birds each. The treatments corresponded to three times of late access to food (0, 24 and 48 hours) and two levels of glutamine supplementation associated with glutamic acid (0% Gln+Glu and 0.2% Gln+Glu). Live weight and feed intake were evaluated weekly, and weight gain and feed conversion were calculated between 1 21 and 1 42 days of age. The gene expression of Sglt1, Glut2 and Snat1 and Snat7 was evaluated by qPCR at 7, 14 and 21 days of age in jejunum samples. Birds submitted to late access of 48 hours showed lower performance results compared to those fed earlier. Supplementation of 0.2% Gln+Glu in the diet did not influence the performance of the birds. There was an interaction between the factors late access and diet on the relative expression of Sglt1 and Glut2 mRNA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Birds submitted to delayed access of 24 and 48 hours and the diet with 0.2% Gln+Glu supplementation showed the highest levels of Sglt1 mRNA expression. Glut2 mRNA expression was higher at seven days of age in birds submitted to delayed access of 24 and 48 hours and a diet with 0.2% Gln+Glu. The results showed a significant interaction between access to food and diet in the expression of Snat1 and Snat7 mRNA at different ages in quails. Snat7 expression at 7 and 14 days and late access to 48-hour and supplemented food resulted in the highest expression, and at 21 days, there was a reduction in the groups with late access. Regarding Snat1 expression at 7 and 14 days, the group with delayed access of 24 and 48 hours and supplemented showed higher levels of Snat1 expression, while at 21 days there was a reduction. Supplementation with 0.2% Gln+Glu resulted in an increase in VA for both birds with immediate access and those with a 24-hour delay. The immediate access and 24-hour delay groups exhibited the highest VSA results, regardless of supplementation. In conclusion, regardless of supplementation, late access to food for 24 and 48 hours was detrimental to the performance of European quails up to 21 days of age. Glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation increased Sglt1 mRNA expression in groups that received food late. Late access did not influence Glut2 mRNA expression, but supplementation promoted an increase in Glut2 mRNA expression. Glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation increased Snat1 and Snat7 mRNA expression in groups with delayed access to food until 14 days of age. Supplementation with 0.2% Gln+Glu in the diet of European quails, when subjected to delayed access to food in the first 48 hours of life, alone is not sufficient to guarantee ideal performance and repair of the intestinal mucosa.
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FRANCISCO ALDEVAN MIRANDA BEM
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FIBER IN NEUTRAL AND ACID DETERGENT IN DIETS FOR PREGNANT PIG MATRIXES
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Data: 28/02/2024
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Hora: 08:30
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Mostrar Resumo
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This research work consists of a literature review, systematic review and meta-analysis of the implications of neutral and acid detergent fiber in the diet of pregnant sows and on productive performance in the gestation and lactation phase. Chapter I, represented by the literature review, demonstrates that several studies have been carried out in this field of investigation and, depending on the source and level of fiber used, its interaction with the intestinal microbiota has demonstrated strong evidence of improvements to the system. production, despite some inconsistencies between individual studies. Chapters II and III consist of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between fiber in its fractions determined by NDF and FDA, on productive performance during pregnancy and subsequent lactation, respectively. Systematized searches were carried out in three electronic databases (Pub Med, Web of Science and Scielo), which resulted in findings of 1934 articles. After exclusion and inclusion criteria, the database was composed of 67 studies, of which 32 had the same experimental period (the entire gestation phase) and performance data from 4538 sows were extracted for meta-analysis. An analysis of variance was applied to the generated database, using the SAS software (9.3), the procedure adopted was PROC MIXED and the RANDOM option, in which genetics, birth order, digestible lysine concentration and metabolizable energy were used. as variation factors (random effect). For the response variables of weight gain and bacon thickness during pregnancy, there was no difference (P<0.05) depending on the diet with low, medium and high fiber content based on NDF and ADF values. The number of piglets born and birth weight did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The duration of farrowing of sows fed diets with a medium fiber content (18.17 NDF and 7.07 ADF) was shorter, as was the number of stillbirths in the
high fiber group (25.58 NDF and 14.01 of FDA). The body conditions of sows during lactation and the weaning-estrus interval were not affected by NDF and ADF content in the diets (P<0.05). Voluntary feed intake during lactation was improved with the use of fiber-enriched diets during pregnancy. The inclusion of dietary fiber in the feed of pregnant sows, in NDF and ADF values, increases the number of weaned piglets and the weight of piglets at weaning. Pregnancy diets with average values of 14.01% ADF and 25.58% NDF do not affect performance and provided productivity gains.
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ALAN DOUGLAS DE LIMA ROCHA
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COMPLETE GENOME OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM WATER BODIES IN PARAÍBA UNDER AGRICULTURAL IMPACT: DIVERSITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
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Data: 28/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Salmonella enterica, a widespread zoonotic foodborne pathogen, remains a significant public health concern and economic burden worldwide. It is estimated that Salmonella spp. cause 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually, leading to 59,100 deaths. In the United States (US), gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoid Salmonella alone is estimated to affect approximately one million people annually, resulting in approximately $3.7 billion in medical costs. Despite historic containment efforts focused on oral-fecal transmission and quality control in food production, the incidence of Salmonella persists, with concerning outbreaks associated with plant-based foods
in recent years. An underestimation of Salmonella in aquatic environments and its potential long-term persistence raises concerns about the role of water in Salmonella epidemiology. Recent studies have shown that Salmonella's ability to remain viable in non-enteric environments is considerably greater than previously believed. Furthermore, Salmonella is not a microbial target for methods typically used to assess water quality. These aspects may point to the possibility that the presence and persistence of Salmonella in aquatic environments may be underestimated. This study investigated the environmental factors that influence Salmonella in natural watersheds used for agricultural and livestock purposes in Paraíba, Brazil. Furthermore, it carried out a survey of the main serovars involved in the contamination of these water resources.
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ANNA NEUSA EDUARDA FERREIRA DE BRITO
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SUPERDOSING PHYTASE FOR WHITE LAYERS
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Orientador : FERNANDO GUILHERME PERAZZO COSTA
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Data: 28/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of phytase superdosing on the performance, internal and external quality of eggs and intestinal morphometry of white layers aged 40 to 80 weeks that received diets supplemented with phytase and on bone parameters of white layers 80 weeks. A total of 480 white layers distributed in six treatments with 10 repetitions and 8 white layers per repetition, namely: positive control (CP), negative control (CN), negative control with 600 FYT (CN-600FYT), negative control with 1200 FYT (CN-1200FYT), negative control with 1800 FYT (CN-1800FYT) and negative control with 2400 FYT (CN-2400FYT). Eight birds were slaughtered using electronarcosis treatment to collect the intestinal segments. A significant difference was observed for the diets supplemented with phytase in the variables feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, conversion per egg mass and per dozen, house weight, yolk weight and albumen weight. And it was observed that shell thickness was greater for the positive control and negative control diets. After slaughter, intestinal segments and tibias were collected. A greater villus-crypt ratio was observed for birds that received diets with phytase supplementation. There was a significant effect for mineral matter and breaking resistance for birds from CP (40.816 a) and CN-600FYT (27.314 a). It was concluded that the superdosing of phytase was efficient for the performance and intestinal health of light layers aged 40 to 80 weeks. And for layers at 80 weeks of age, the dosage of 600 FYT for light layers was effective for greater bone health in the birds.
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MIKAELLE DE SOUSA DUTRA
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NUTRITIONAL MONITORING OF RUMINANTS RAISED ON PASTURE USING NIR SPECTROSCOPY IN PORTABLE EQUIPMENT
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Orientador : JULIANA SILVA DE OLIVEIRA
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Data: 28/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has proven to be a promising tool for estimating the nutritional value of the diet of grazing cattle, making it possible to obtain representative information on food consumption and diet quality quickly and non-destructively. This study sought to develop calibration and validation models to estimate the content of Crude Protein (CP), In vitro dry matter digestibility (DIVMS), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Detergent fiber acid (FDA) and dietary lignin using portable equipment. Samples of cultivated pasture from five Brazilian states were collected by simulated grazing, and spectra of cattle feces were obtained under three conditions: fresh, dried without grinding, and dried and ground, using the MicroNir OnSite-W device from VIAVI Solutions Inc. with reading range from 950 to 1650nm. The most effective mathematical pretreatments were SNV+SG1.4 and SNV+SG2.4, applicable to all types of sample processing, regardless of the period of the year. The calibration models for DIVMS presented higher R², maintaining consistency in different conditions (F=0.66; SSM=0.71; SM=0.74), indicating an equivalence of performance for application in samples devoid of moisture. However, the results indicate a limited ability of calibration models to accurately predict NDF, ADF and lignin contents in bovine fecal samples, regardless of processing. This highlights the complexity in analyzing these parameters and highlights the continuous need to improve analysis and 362
calibration techniques, as well as the importance of a robust database to improve the accuracy of estimates.
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ANDERSON LOPES PEREIRA
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SUPPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR HEIFERS IN MOMBAÇA GRASS PASTURE
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Data: 27/02/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Supplementing heifers on tropical pastures requires nutritional strategies that maximize productive performance and reproductive efficiency, even in unfavorable climatic conditions for forage production. Therefore, two studies were carried out to evaluate different supplementation strategies for primiparous heifers on Mombaça grass pasture in different seasons. In the first chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation during three periods (autumn, winter, and spring) on the productive and reproductive performance of Nelore heifers on the Mombaça grass pasture. This study hypothesized that levels above 14% of crude protein (CP) could accelerate the productive and reproductive precocity of primiparous Nelore heifers. The supplementation strategy that contained 15% CP provided better performance of the heifers, with an increase in final body weight, total weight gain, stocking rate, and pregnancy rate, and stood out in the spring due to the improvement in the quantity and quality of available forage. associated with supplementation. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate three protein-energy supplementation strategies on the performance and biochemical parameters of heifers kept on Mombaça grass pasture during
the rainy season. This study hypothesized that the highest level of protein-energy supplement supply would maximize productive performance without causing metabolic damage to the heifers. The results indicated that the strategy that offered 0.6% of body weight favored productive performance, with greater total weight gain and average daily gain, without causing metabolic damage, and without the need for higher levels of supply for this period.
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DANILO DANTAS DA SILVA
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Consortium of forage cactus and grasses: effects on the soil seed bank, soil macrofauna and nutritional value
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Orientador : ARIOSVALDO NUNES DE MEDEIROS
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Data: 27/02/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, the study evaluated the composition, dynamics and diversity of the soil seed bank in a toposequence, considering the presence of the palm consortium with grasses. Soil samples were collected in three altitudinal gradients: top (PT), mid-slope (PM) and slope (PE). For comparison, samples were collected in a paddock of native pasture, enriched with the same grasses as forage cactus cultivation. The floristics of the area with forage palm presented 36 species, belonging to 31 genera and 16 botanical families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae and Malvaceae showed greater species richness. The native pasture, despite being located in an area adjacent to the top, presents differences in its floristic composition (24 species, 22 genera and 11 families). The toposequence seed bank presents high diversity and equity, which proves that the community is floristically heterogeneous and with few dominant species. The second study sought to analyze the influence of this consortium on the frequency of
occurrence, richness and diversity of soil macrofauna. Provid-type traps were installed in three altitude gradients of the topossequence (top, mid-slope and slope) and in the native pasture during two periods (dry and rainy). A total of 18,376 individuals were collected (8,723 in the dry season and 9,653 in the rainy season), distributed in 21 orders (17 top, 18 mid-slope, 16 on the slope and 15 in the pasture). The taxonomic group Hymenoptera Formicidae was predominant in the areas. Richness was lower in the dry period and the orders Archaeognatha, Scorpiones and Polydesmida occur exclusively on the slope, while Scolopendrida, on the mid-slope. The Shannon index was higher on the slope in both periods, driven by the lower participation of the order Hymenoptera. The third study investigated how changes in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stocks along the
toposequence impact the nutritional value of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck. The results revealed a linear increase in P stocks with the altitudinal gradient, while soil C and N were higher at the top and on the slope. It was also observed that concentrations of crude protein and minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) increased, while dry matter, total carbohydrates and fibrous compounds decreased at higher altitudes. These findings indicate variations in soil C, N and P stocks along the toposequence, with only P concentrations increasing with increasing altitude. The increase in soil P stocks is associated with a reduction in the concentration of fibrous compounds in N. cochenillifera
cladodes.
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LUANA DA SILVA CORDEIRO
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AGRONOMIC RESPONSES AND BROMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE CACTUS IN RESPONSE TO SOIL FERTILITY LEVELS.
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Data: 27/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The objective was to evaluate the effects of combined doses of nitrogen and potassium on cactus cultivation. The research was carried out in the countryside of Paraíba, in the municipality of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in split plots, with six replications. The plots were represented by the combined doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and the subplots by the application of lime (with and without lime). The spacing used was 1.70 m × 0.30 m × 0.10 m, which provided a density of 100,000 plants ha-¹. Five doses of N (7.8; 46.8; 78; 109 and 148 kg ha-¹) and five doses of K (30; 180; 300; 420 and 570 kg ha-¹) were combined. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance, F test and polynomial regression. The morphometric and productive variables showed quadratic behavior in relation to the combined doses. There was no significant difference in chemical composition. For the variable of plant height (AP), area related to primary cladode (ARC1), area related to total cladode (ARCT) and cladode area index (IAC) the combination between 109 kg of N and 180 kg of K, offered the highest averages, for the area variable related to the secondary cladode (ARC2), the dose of 46.6 kg of N with the same dose of K mentioned previously achieved greater area growth, for the dry matter content (MS ) and dry matter production (DMP), the combined doses of 7.8 kg of N and 30 kg of K, obtained greater responses. The subplots with limestone addition had a positive effect on all variables, except for green matter production (PMV), where 109 kg of N and 420 kg of K prevailed without limestone. The increase in combined doses of 109 and 180 kg ha-¹, N and K, respectively, when applied to the soil with the addition of limestone brings viability for palm nutrition.
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HEMERSON JOHNSON XAVIER DE ASSIS
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CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND MEAT QUALITY OF CONFINED SHEEP FED DIETS BASED ON BRS CAPIAÇU SILAGE ADDITIVATED WITH CORN BRAN
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Data: 26/02/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Twenth one intact feedlot lambs (aged approximately 90 days, average live weight of 26.0kg), were used to evaluate the effects of diets based on BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage on the hot and cold weight, yield and pH of carcasses, and color, ribe eye area, cooking losses, shear force and proximate composition of Longissimus muscle. The animals were distributed in a randomized block experimental design (initial PV) with 3 treatments and seven replications, totalizing 21 plots. The experiment was conducted on a private property located in the municipality of São José dos Cordeiros PB and lasted 58 days (14 days of adaptation to the diets and 44 days of experimentation). Isoproteic diets using silage as roughage and soybean meal, ground corn grain and urea as concentrate, were formulated for a gain of 200g of BW/day with ad libitum water consumption by the animals. Two silages based on BRS Capiaçu elephant grass were tested, without and with addition of FM (10% FM based on DM) with corn silage as a control. For the variables initial weight (PI, P=0.8851), slaughter weight (PA, P=0.4261), hot carcass weight (PCQ, P=0.3456), hot carcass yield (RCQ, P=0.4202), cold carcass weight (PCF, P=0.2923), cold carcass yield (RCF, P=0.2820), true yield (RV, P=0, 7802), pH measured immediately after slaughter (pH0, P=0.0669),
pH measured 24 hours after slaughter (pH24, P=0.1376), finishing (AC, P=0.9573), renal-pelvic fat assessment (AGPR, P=0.0791) and body condition score (BCS, P=0.4585), no differences were observed between treatments. The animals that consumed corn silage had greater total weight gain (TWG, P=0.0018) and average daily gain (ADG, P=0.0018) than the animals that consumed Capiaçu grass silage. There were no significant differences in the variables of fat thickness (EG, P=0.9134),
loin eye area (AOL, P=0.0814) and carcass compactness index (ICC, P=0.2034) of the animals fed the different diets. For the color parameters of the Longissimus lumborum muscle, there was a difference in the a* coordinate (red intensity, P=0.0364) between the animals fed corn silage and Capiaçu silage with 10% FM, with average values of 15.39 and 13.69 for SM and SC+10%FM, respectively. Although some significant differences were observed, there were no losses in carcass and meat quality between the silages studied, so it can be concluded that silage from the BRS Capiaçu cultivar can be used to feed small ruminants as a substitute for corn silage.
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YOHANA ROSALY CORRÊA
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Detoxified castor bean meal as an additive for sugarcane silage in the diet of confined sheep.
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Data: 26/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The aim was to evaluate the consumption, digestibility, performance, blood and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed diets containing sugar cane supplemented with levels of detoxified castor bean meal (DBM). A total of 24 non castrated male sheep with an average body weight of 16 ± 0.75 kg were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of four levels of inclusion of castor bean bran in sugar cane silage (0, 10, 20
and 40% in natural matter). A linear effect was observed for crude protein (P = 0.038) and ether extract (P = 0.001) intakes, with averages ranging from 0.151 to 0.128 kg/day and from 0.068 to 0.044 kg/day, respectively. There was a linear trend for the digestibility of crude protein (P = 0.001) and ether extract (P = 0.018), with average values ranging from 754.174 to 472.875 g/day and from 813.017 to 725.080 g/day, respectively. However, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of the levels of DBM on the final weight, total gain, average daily gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency of the sheep, with averages of 23.785, 6.637, 0.138, 8.418 and 0.1212 kg/day, respectively. The
second experiment aimed to evaluate the blood and histopathological parameters of confined sheep fed sugarcane silage supplemented with levels of FMD, following the same experimental protocol as in experiment 1. Blood samples were taken on the first and forty-eighth experimental days. Liver, kidney and rumen samples were collected after slaughter for histopathological analysis. A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the epithelium thickness and papilla width variables as a function of DBM levels, with minimum values estimated by the regression model at 0.69% and 1.22%
DBM levels, respectively. As for the keratinized portion variable, there was a linear effect (P < 0.05), with values ranging from 32.28 to 50.44 mm. There was an isolated effect (P < 0.05) of time for the variables hemoglobin (P = 0.0043), hematocrit (P = 0.0067), and mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.0068). When comparing the first day with the forty-eighth, there was an increase in most of the erythrogram variables, except for the following: erythrocytes at the 0% level and MCHC at the 10, 20 and 40% levels. There was an interaction (P = 0.0149) between DBM levels and time for
monocytes. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on DBM levels at 1 and 48 days, with averages of 5.174 and 3.166, respectively. To the time factor within each level of DBM, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in the levels of 0, 20 and 40% DBM, with the highest values for monocytes being observed on the 1st day of collection, which did not differ from each other. However, there was no difference in time at the 10% DBM level. It is therefore recommended that up to 40% of detoxified castor bean meal be included in sugar cane silage for use in sheep diets without causing negative impacts on animal health.
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MARIA ALYNE COUTINHO SANTOS
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EVALUATION OF BRS CAPIAÇU GRASS SILAGE HARVESTED AT TWO HEIGHTS AND ADDED WITH CORN IN THE DIETS OF CONFINED SHEEP
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Data: 23/02/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage harvested at different heights and added with corn in the diet of confined sheep. Twenty-eight male animals, without a defined racial standard, with an average age of six months and an average initial live weight of 26.29±0.46kg, were used, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with seven replicates over a period of 60 experimental days. The diets were composed of corn silage (SM), BRS capiaçu elephant grass silage harvested at 4 m height (SC4m), BRS capiaçu elephant grass silage harvested at 4 m + 10% corn (SC4m+10%M) and BRS capiaçu elephant grass silage harvested at 2.5 m height + 20% corn (SC2.5m+20%M) based on natural matter. The animals submitted to diets containing SC2.5m+20%M (43.04 g/kg BW) and SC4m (40.44 g/kg BW) showed the highest dry matter intake (DMI), while those consuming SM (29.53 g/kg BW) showed the lowest intake (P=0.0001). For the digestibility coefficients, the neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDF) of the diets containing SC4m+10%M and SM were higher than the other diets, obtaining values of 590.95 g/kg and 581.11 g/kg, respectively (P=0.0001). The animals consuming SC2.5m+20%M (2.59 L/day) and SC4m (2.42 L/day) demonstrated greater water intake via feed (P=0.0001), while the animals fed SM showed greater water intake via drinker compared to the other diets (P=0.0001). For total water intake, no statistical difference was observed (P=0.5826), with an average value of 3.32 L/day. For total gain (P=0.0013), animals fed SM (8.81 kg), SC4m (9.90 kg) and SC4m+10%M (8.73 kg) did not differ from each other. For feed efficiency, there was an effect
in relation to gNDF/hour (P=0.0162), where SC4m (0.31 g NDF/hour), SC4m+10%M (0.23 g
NDF/hour) and SM (0.22 g NDF/hour) presented the best values, but no effect was observed for gDM/hour (P=0.1010), and rumination efficiency (P=0.4192), obtaining average values of 0.44 and 0.27 g DM/hour, respectively. For the chewing variables, there was a statistical difference for chewings/day (P=0.0003), where SM (24667.8 n°/day) presented the lowest value compared to the other diets, for gDM/cake (P=0.0006) SM (2.38 g DM/cake), SC4m (2.30 g DM/cake) and SC4m+10%M (1.74 g DM/cake) did not differ from each other, while SCm+10%M (1.74 g DM/cake) and SC2.5+20%M (1.24 g DM/cake) presented the lowest values. Thus, SC4m+10%M was the one that most resembled SM in terms of DFDN and GT, thus being recommended as an alternative to replace corn silage.
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PAULO DA CUNHA TORRES JUNIOR
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INFLUENCE OF TWO LEVELS OF FERTILIZATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SORGHUM OR CORN INTERCROSS WITH UROCHLOA BRIZANTHA CV MARANDU IN THE LIVESTOCK CROP INTEGRATION SYSTEM IN THE CERRADO MINEIRO
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Orientador : EDSON MAURO SANTOS
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Data: 19/02/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Crop-livestock integration (ILP) is an agricultural production system that combines animal husbandry with the production of agricultural crops, aiming to maximize natural resources, sustainability and economic profitability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and the cost of producing corn and sorghum silage under two levels of fertilization in the crop-livestock integration system. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Capim de Cheiro, in Paraopeba, MG, Brazil, in an Oxisol soil. Two agricultural crops were used (corn and silage sorghum) intercropped with Urochloa Brizantha cv. Marandu. With the respective consortiums: corn + grass with a high dose of fertilizer; sorghum + grass with a high dose of fertilizer; corn + grass with a low dose of fertilizer and sorghum + grass with a low dose of fertilizer. A randomized block design was used, with a 2x2 factorial design with two fertilizer levels and two crops, and five replications. The data were analyzed using the R software, using the F test. The highest production of natural matter was observed at the high dose level, with average values of 51,765.62 and 60,578.12 kg/ha, for the corn + grass and sorghum + grass, respectively. For the low dose of fertilizer, the highest production was observed for the sorghum + grass intercrop (31,993.75 kg/ha). The lowest costs per kilogram of dry matter were also observed at the highest level of fertilization, with values of R$ 0.30 and R$ 0.227, for the corn + grass and sorghum + grass consortia, respectively. At the end of the experiment, it was concluded that the high level of fertilizer dose guarantees a greater production of dry matter, regardless of the intercrop chosen, thus diluting the costs of recovering pastures.
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LAIORAYNE ARAUJO DE LIMA
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Data: 19/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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The increasing number of studies reporting the occurrence of Salmonella enterica in non
recycled surface water warrants further investigations into their real role as potential sources
of contamination. Considering the low concentration of Salmonella in water, the use of modified
Moore swabs (MMS) has established itself as a viable technique for the recovery of Salmonella
enterica for this type of sample, enabling the sampling of larger volumes of water and reducing
logistical costs and problems. Here we report the unprecedented effects of the use of replicates
of MMS on the recovery and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars. A total of 270 water
samples were collected in triplicate by MMS, totaling 810 swabs. The MMS were cultured using
conventional microbiological procedures for isolation of Salmonella enterica. In addition, we
also tested the accuracy of enrichment broth-PCR as a screening method for the recovery of
Salmonella enterica. Furthermore, the serovars of Salmonella enterica from a sample of 84
isolates were determined in silico after whole genome sequencing. The overall frequency of
Salmonella enterica in water samples was 77.8% (210/270), while the frequencies observed
in each individual replicate were 63.7, 62.6, and 61.1%. The use of triplicates resulted in higher
(P<0.05) frequencies of isolation of Salmonella enterica. Among the 210 samples containing
Salmonella enterica, 123 (58.6%) were positive in all triplicates. However, 50 (23.8%) samples
were positive in two of three replicates, while 32 (17.6%) samples were positive only in one of
three replicates. Enrichment broth-PCR cultivation showed high sensitivity (98.37%) in
detecting viable Salmonella compared with conventional water culture, although no significant
differences were observed between Tetrathionate and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broths.
Furthermore, the use of triplicates significantly increased the diversity of Salmonella serovars
recovered from each sample. Our results indicated that the use of 10L-SMM triplicates could
significantly improve the recovery and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars in water
samples. However, other aspects involving technical and cost limitations associated with the
use of triplicates should be considered.
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PALOMA EDUARDA LOPES DE SOUZA
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ORGANIC ACIDS AND MICROENCAPSULATED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS
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Data: 26/01/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Organic acids and phenolic compounds are used in bird nutrition to maintain intestinal health by regulating the presence of pathogens and improving intestinal morphology, consequently the use of nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic acids and microencapsulated phenolic compounds in laying hen diets. The experiment was conducted at the Ovo Novo farm, using a total of 600 laying hens of the Novogen Brown line from 30 weeks of age distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, 10 replications with 10 birds each. The treatments were: control diet, 200AD1: 200g/t of additive 1, 500AD1: 500g/t of additive 1, 200AD2: 200g/t of additive 2, 500AD2: 500g/t of additive 2 and AD3: 500g/t of additive 3. The performance of the birds, the quality of the eggs, the pH of the organs, the weight of the organs and coelomic fat and intestinal histomorphometry were evaluated. Treatment means were compared using the Student Newman-Keuls (SNK) test at 5% probability. Supplementation with the additives improved egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, coelomic fat weight, absorptive area of the
duodenum and jejunum (500AD2). Lower coelomic fat weight, lower shell thickness and more intense yolk color (AD3) and higher egg weight (200AD1). The supplementation of organic acids and microencapsulated phenolic compounds at a dosage of 500g/t of AD2 in the diets of laying hens proved to be more effective in maintaining zootechnical performance, egg quality, organ development and intestinal morphology.
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PALOMA EDUARDA LOPES DE SOUZA
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ORGANIC ACIDS AND MICROENCAPSULATED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS
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Data: 26/01/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Mostrar Resumo
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Organic acids and phenolic compounds are used in bird nutrition to maintain intestinal health by regulating the presence of pathogens and improving intestinal morphology, consequently the use of nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic acids and microencapsulated phenolic compounds in laying hen diets. The experiment was conducted at the Ovo Novo farm, using a total of 600 laying hens of the Novogen Brown line from 30 weeks of age distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, 10 replications with 10 birds each. The treatments were: control diet, 200AD1: 200g/t of additive 1, 500AD1: 500g/t of additive 1, 200AD2: 200g/t of additive 2, 500AD2: 500g/t of additive 2 and AD3: 500g/t of additive 3. The performance of the birds, the quality of the eggs, the pH of the organs, the weight of the organs and coelomic fat and intestinal histomorphometry were evaluated. Treatment means were compared using the Student Newman-Keuls (SNK) test at 5% probability. Supplementation with the additives improved egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, coelomic fat weight, absorptive area of the
duodenum and jejunum (500AD2). Lower coelomic fat weight, lower shell thickness and more intense yolk color (AD3) and higher egg weight (200AD1). The supplementation of organic acids and microencapsulated phenolic compounds at a dosage of 500g/t of AD2 in the diets of laying hens proved to be more effective in maintaining zootechnical performance, egg quality, organ development and intestinal morphology.
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