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FLAVIA CRISTINA COUTINHO BEZERRA
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Who is the city for? Networks of urban activism in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba
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Asesor : DORALICE SATYRO MAIA
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Fecha: 19-dic-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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This study aims to analyze the actions and articulations from Minha Jampa network and
João Pessoa que Queremos movement, particularly the involvement of these articulated
groups in public policies, mainly in the urban planning of the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba
state, Brazil. For answering the hypothesis of this study How activist networks comprehend
the city it was necessary to understand the interpretation changes about social movements
and how to occur the conception process of networked urban activists and their new realities.
Therefore, it was observed that actions in groups reveal several questions related to the right
to the city, meanwhile, they run social control in public policies, mainly in urban mobility.
Beyond monitoring deviations and inequalities in the conduct of government practices, the
articulated groups are strengthened through local and regional organizations, creating a
network of actions that work with the investigation of medium and large urban interventions,
as well as current legislation of the city. Thus, we concluded that the action of the articulated
groups brings a new concept of transformation of the city, in which public administration is
seen as a tool for socio-spatial development, in a perspective that the citizen can effectively
participate in urban management, as a political community.
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RAQUEL OSIAS TOSCANO DE BRITO
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Urban voids and heritage: the old axes of Trincheiras and Tambiá in the city of João Pessoa, PB
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Fecha: 16-dic-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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RESUMO DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE EM INGLÊS
The Rua das Trincheiras and the old Rua do Tambiá have been important axes for the expansion of the capital of Paraíba in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, having a relevant architectural collection that portrays the evolution of the way of living in the city. However, with the urban expansion towards the seafront, a process of abandonment of the central area by its old inhabitants was triggered, resulting in the change of land uses and the formation of urban voids and underutilization of properties, contributing to the patrimonial degradation and non-fulfillment of the social function of central spaces. This research seeks to demonstrate the role that the process of emptying and not using properties of the historic center of João Pessoa plays in reducing the integrity and conservation of the heritage assets at Rua das Trincheiras and the extension of Av. João da Mata, and the axis of the old Rua do Tambiá, composed by Rua Dep. Odon Bezerra and Av. Mons. Walfredo Leal, within the protection perimeter of the Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage of the State of Paraíba (IPHAEP), in the city of João Pessoa, PB. To achieve that, there was investment in bibliographic research about the historical contextualization and recognition of the object of study, as well as on the contemporary concept of urban void. The collection and analysis of data on the properties have been supported by the in loco survey and field research, especially on the data provided by IPHAEP. Based on the surveys, it has been possible to map and classify properties according to vacancy categories vacant lot, vacant building, underused lot or underused building and evaluate them according to adopted indicators. The results of the work have contributed for the understanding of the actual situation of the architectural heritage of historical-cultural value and the dynamics of the central area and surroundings, with a view to the preservation of heritage properties, as it is also alert to the fulfillment of the social function of buildings and lots located in an area provided with infrastructure and with great potential for use.
ATIVIDADE FUTURA TIPO DE VINCULO EMPREGATÍCIO
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DIÊGO CLAUDINO DE SOUSA DINIZ
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Tectonics of Modern Dwelling: A Study in João Pessoa and Campina Grande, Paraíba (1950-1960)
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Asesor : GERMANA COSTA ROCHA
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Fecha: 12-dic-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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This work aims to analyse the tectonic nexus of modern single-family residential architecture in
Paraíba, particularly, examples built in João Pessoa and Campina Grande in the 1950s and 1960s,
exploring the constructive poetics expressed in this building type. This research is justified by its
contribution to the historiography of modern architecture produced in northeastern Brazil, by expanding
knowledge about the singularities resulting from the technical and constructive knowledge present in
the buildings, and by contributing to the documentation of significant and still existing examples of
modern heritage. The methodological procedure starts from the bibliographical review, followed by
data collection, selection of the works and application of the tectonic analytical parameters proposed by
ROCHA (2012), which focuses on the relations of site, resistant structure and sealing elements with the
formal architectural structure. Facing a vast number of residences, we chose those that had sufficient
design material and that made it possible to visit for construction recognition, namely, the Cassiano
Ribeiro Coutinho Residence (1955-1958), the Joaquim Augusto Residence (1956-1958), the José
Barbosa Maia Residence (1962-1964), and the Heleno Sabino Residence (1962-1963). The results point
to a tectonic diversity present with greater emphasis on the sealing elements, as well as on the
architectural party resulting from the embankment work as fundamental to the architectural
expressiveness, while the potential of the structural form, built unanimously in reinforced concrete, is
not always evident. Thus, a present duality in architectural form is perceived, referring to the dyads
open and closed, light and heavy, and transparent and opaque, present in modern architectural culture.
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GIANNA MONTEIRO FARIAS SIMÕES
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Dynamics of Social Housing: study on the impact of use and adaptation on the habitability of the building.
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Fecha: 02-dic-2022
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Hora: 08:00
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Reducing the country's housing deficit does not only mean suppressing demand, but also improving the quality of social housing. Problems
such as lack of space, poor quality of materials and finishes, thermal discomfort, unhealthy conditions, lack of security, among others, are
commonly associated with the inadaptation of residents to the new condition, which may result in the transfer of the building. Thus, this study
aims to provide information on the process of adaptation of the vulnerable population to serial housing inserted in sets of social interest. This
work deals with a multidimensional analysis of poverty: the low quality of housing and the lack of space, the condition of thermal discomfort
and unhealthy conditions, and the poverty of energy. The objectives outlined in the study were: 1- to investigate the dynamics of the
modifications carried out in the housing units and their consequences for the habitability conditions and, 2- to understand the behavioral and
environmental factors associated with energy consumption. The research comprises three housing developments in João Pessoa. The field
research included spatial mapping of the dwellings, measurements of the thermal conditions inside the dwellings and a semi-structured
interview with a representative of the dwelling. The application of the sequence resulted in 156 patterns. The main highlighted results are: a)
the number of expansions in the houses is high and they are more frequent on the ground floor; b) the need for more space is confirmed by
houses that grew more than 45.0% of their original size; c) the reforms have a negative impact on the habitability of the houses, the more the
house is expanded, the smaller the opening percentage and the worse the results in the analyzed thermal variables; d) in general, the houses
presented 3.5 °C to 5.5 °C above the recommended by ASHRAE 55-2017; e) in addition to thermal discomfort, many environments show
signs of unhealthy conditions; f) the percentage of users' dissatisfaction with the heat inside the house is high (75.0%) and with the low air
velocity (65.3%); g) verified electricity consumption shows a growing behavior and with reduced possibility of taking advantage of the
discount offered by the State (National Social Tariff) - 4.7% of residents took advantage of the maximum discount of 65.0%; h) the energy
consumption of families in high economic vulnerability is similar to the consumption of households in a situation of energy security; i) there is
a direct relationship between the ownership of old appliances, families with children and high energy consumption; j) a large part of the
sample reported choosing to restrict the purchase of food and other bills, so as not to have their energy services cut off.
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ERIKA FERREIRA MARINHO
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Metals Tectonics in Architecture: Case studies in the Brazilian Northeast.
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Asesor : GERMANA COSTA ROCHA
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Fecha: 30-nov-2022
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Hora: 10:00
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This research had as its central theme the tectonic analysis of metal in contemporary architectural constructions and the manner of how the technical-expressive resources that this material enables are used based on the climate and location. Understanding that the tectonics character of architecture, composed of interactions between expressiveness and materiality, results also from bioclimatic strategies adopted considering the climatic characteristics of the site. When observing the scenery of the national architectural production in the last decades, it was verified the increscent use of metal as a construction material, mainly in support structures of the architectural form in the most varied buildings, becoming important to study the existing relation between the use
of this material and the bioclimatic strategies adopted whereas when united are determinants of the formal structure, being able to praise the tectonic character of architecture from the expressive possibilities of this union. Therefore, the research started from the premise that metal can be used on architecture as expressive material and technological resource that makes possible the adoption of bioclimatic strategies, having as main objective to analyze the metal tectonic in contemporary architectural constructions built on the Brazilian Northeast, in a hot and humid climate since the 1990 decade, to verify if the technical-expressiveness resources that this material enable are used properly to the climate and location characteristics. After a bibliographic review around the main
concepts that permeate these themes, parameters of analytical tectonics were set in consonance with the bioclimatic strategies for hot and humid climate in order to observe the validity or otherwise of the premise. Reference architectural works with different programs and specific solutions were elected for the tectonic analysis, in which predominated the use of metal in their formal structure, designed by architects of recognized competence on a local, national and international level, as: the building that housed the Peugeot dealership (1996) in João Pessoa/PB - designed by the architect Gilberto Guedes; the hospital of Sarah Kubitschek (1994) in Salvador/BA, by architect João Filgueiras Lelé Lima and the Morro Arena in the city of Natal/RN, conceived
by the swiss office Herzog & De Meuron. From the analysis, it was proven that a architectonic quality was reached by the exploitation of the expressive potentialities of metal in consonance with the use of proper bioclimatic strategies for the hot and humid climate, reinforcing the possibility of alignment between the expressiveness arising from architectonic materiality and suitability of the location's climate characteristics.
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ALEXANDRE CARLOS DE ALBUQUERQUE FARIAS FILHO
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Under His Eye: The Creation of the Totalitarian City in The Handmaids Tale
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Asesor : MARIA BERTHILDE DE BARROS LIMA E MOURA FILHA
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Fecha: 21-nov-2022
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Hora: 13:00
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Fictional stories, whether from literature or audiovisual, play an important role in the construction of a societys thinking, as a catalyst for ideas and concepts through its imagination. But not only fiction has this influence on reality, but the opposite way is also constant, in which the time and place where a piece is created will directly influence its structuring, whether of ideologies, criticism or even the construction of narrative and spaces. This is what happens with the dystopias, fictional pieces that emerged in the early 20th century, which are characterized as the opposite of a utopia, bby highlighting the negative elements of a society, as in the case of the TV series, The Handmaids Tale, which uses totalitarian spatial an ideological components to build its story and scenarios. That said, this research seeks to analyze the relation between fiction and reality in the dystopian work The Handmaids Tale, with reference to the totalitarian cities of reality and other dystopian creations, seeking a better understanding of the architectural and urban structure of the series. For this, it is necessary to understand the tangible characteristics of the plans created for large cities while they were under the power of a totalitarian regime, as well as how The Handmaids Tale fits into the characteristics of the dystopian fiction genre.
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JULIANA XAVIER ANDRADE DE OLIVEIRA
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Assessment of Accessibility and Mobility conditions from Urban Sustainability Indicators: a study on the Ave. Dom Pedro II, João Pessoa-PB
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Asesor : JOSE AUGUSTO RIBEIRO DA SILVEIRA
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Fecha: 17-nov-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The increase in the urban population, the territorial extensions of cities, and the growth of private motorization are crucial factors for understanding the situation of (un)sustainable urban mobility in the cities. Given growing urbanization, high levels of individual motorization, and the dispersed cities. And the identified pattern regarding occupation and horizontal growth in the South-Southeast sector of João Pessoa, progressively taking distance from the city center and interfering with local urban transport. This research aims to evaluate the mobility and accessibility conditions along the axis of the corridor of Dom Pedro II Avenue, including the space of occupation and the land use in its area of direct influence (500 meters), and adjoining neighborhoods, through the application of the sustainable urban mobility indicators (SUMI). As the results revealed by the SUMI for the analyzed sample, there is a global value of 0,564, considered an intermediate value for sustainable mobility. However, the index calculation shows pathways to improve mobility since it allows an efficient perception of the evaluated factors, positively or negatively. It also highlights the need for intervention to improve the indicators of Urban Fragmentation; Urban density; Bicycle parking, and Urban Transport Systems domain as a whole. In addition, the city's growing report indicates that studies have been carried out (PAITT, TRANSCOL and PDU), and efforts were made to improve urban mobility, especially regarding the public transport system in the analyzed sample. However, this still seems to be the most critical issue.
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JESSICA SOARES RABELLO ASSUNÇÃO
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Civitas et urbs: The neoclassical project in the Campo do Conselheiro Diogo, city of Parahyba (1858-1889)
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Fecha: 23-sep-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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Among the various conceptualizations around the idea of the city, its content is generally understood as a set of social and also physical qualities, represented here by the terms civitas and urbs respectively. Based on this understanding, this research has as object of study the neoclassical language and its influence on the urban landscape of the city of Parahyba (currently João Pessoa) during the imperial period. The investigation is based on a double meaning of the neoclassical project, which would include, firstly, its civic dimension (culture, civility), related to the civilizing ideals of the Empire of Brazil; and also its material aspects, related to the architectural language itself (shape, volumetry). In this sense, the Campo do Conselheiro Diogo, currently Praça Pedro Américo, is adopted as the universe of study, as it constitutes the most emblematic street of neoclassicism in the capital, since it was delimited by three examples of the style - the Santa Roza theater, the Quartel de Linha and the Provincial Treasury and for being located exactly in the central region of the city at the time. In short, we sought to investigate the existence of a neoclassical project on the urban scale and how it contributed to forging the image of the capital in the 19th century, translating, through architecture, the civilizing and progressive discourse that shaped society at the time. For this, the study unfolded through documentary research, using primary sources such as the reports of the presidents of the province and the press publications, which revealed the influence of the national ideology on the culture of Parahyba during the 19th century. Considering the material dimension, the physical constitution of the city, the study was supported by iconographic and cartographic records, from which it was possible to analyze the general implantation of neoclassical buildings and their importance in the layout of the city, especially in the Campo do Conselheiro Diogo, as well as the physiognomic features of this architectural repertoire and its role in the 19th century urban landscape. Given the emphasis of the study, the recognition of this historical period in Parahyba contributes to the understanding of a national process, which was not restricted to the metropolises of the Empire, but encompassed several provinces of the Northeast that, even not corresponding to the economic and social standards of the Court, assimilated the imperial ideology through the construction of new urban scenarios. It is worth mentioning that the period in question precedes a phase marked by profound changes in the city's landscape, both in terms of its architecture, by the superposition of new modernizing languages, and in the remodeling of public spaces themselves. The irreversibility of these transformations and the lack of knowledge about the aforementioned architectural collection point to the need to recognize their importance for the city of Parahyba, seeing them not only as isolated monuments, but as component signs of the image and urban history of the capital in the 19th century.
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FLAVIO SCHMIDLIN
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Design and simulation of daylight elements on roofing through parametric modeling
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Fecha: 29-jul-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The zenith openings of a building are responsible for allowing the entry of natural light inside the ambient, as well as the admission of solar radiation. Which can bring unwanted thermal gains, especially in locations with a tropical climate. For the ambient to be comfortable, it is important that there is a balance between the amount of natural light, and the levels of solar radiation that affect the interior of the environment. This balance can be sought through the proper dimensioning of this environment, along with the dimensions of the zenith openings. For this reason, the present study proposes to evaluate the autonomy of the zenith natural lighting as well as to quantify the internal solar direct radiation incidence in a parametric geometric model, developed buildings with 4 skylights types: Skylight, Sawtooth, Dome and Lantern. The lighting evaluation took place in an internal architectural environment with dimension values obtained from the literature. The dimensional parameters of the building and the zenith natural lighting typologies can be changed by the parametric models in search of an optimal solution for maximum use of natural lighting, considering the lowest rate of solar radiation accumulated inside the studied environments. This study was developed based on the hot and humid tropical climate of the city of João Pessoa - PB. The research was developed with the aid of the Rhinoceros 3D + Grasshopper modeling software together with the plug-ins for dynamic computer simulations related to daylight and accumulated incident solar radiation, Ladybug and Honeybee. The performance of daylight autonomy was analyzed through Daylight Autonomy metrics (DA 300) and Useful Daylight Illuminances intervals (UDI 150-2000 lux), the accumulated incident solar radiation was quantified through Radiance, in kWh/m². For the simulations, meshes with photosensitive sensors were created, equidistant at 0.50 m each sensor, the meshes with photosensors were allocated on all internal walls and also on the floor. The reflectance indices of the materials assigned to the ceiling, walls and floor, as well as the refractive indices of the glasses used were based on the Inmetro Normative Instruction for the Energy Efficiency Classification of Commercial, Service and Public Buildings (INI-C). The analyzes were carried out over a period of one year, based on the luminous behavior of the models between 08:00 am and 4:00 pm. During the computer simulation process, 66716 possible dimensional combinations of the four studied typologies were tested. The study included analyzes for North and East facade orientation, as well as tests with photosensitive sensor meshes on the walls and floor were simulated separately. The exploration of the solution space of the parametric models generated very clear results of the relationship between the autonomy of daytime lighting and the incidence of direct solar radiation inside the geometric models, showing that the size of the zenith openings and other dimensions of the buildings can generate direct influences in the results of daylight autonomy and incidence of direct solar radiation inside the environment.
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LARISSA ELLEN OLIVEIRA DE LIMA
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SPATIAL CONFIGURATION AND PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LINEAR URBAN PARKS: THE CASE OF PARQUE PARAHYBA I, IN JOÃO PESSOA-PB
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Fecha: 15-jul-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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The recurring themes on urban parks have different approaches being developed in an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary way. Some researches discuss the relationship between physical activity and green areas, as well as their associations with the well-being and effects on the health of the population, others, with greater emphasis on environmental and ecological aspects. However, it is noted that there is still a need for in-depth research on the physical and spatial attributes of urban parks, especially in studies of linear typology parks. In this sense, this research intends to investigate the physical type of linear urban parks and analyze the physical quality and spatial configuration of these spaces. We sought to discover the degree of quality of the park and understand the spatial configuration of these places, based on an adapted methodology, applied in a case study, in João Pessoa-PB. Four dimensions of analysis were used as a guideline for the research, namely: (1) access and neighborhood; (2) areas of activities; (3) features and security; and (4) spatial configuration. In this way, the study proposes reflections and provides premises for the understanding of the attributes and physical conditions of these linear green spaces and for the practice of projects of this nature in contemporary cities. Thus, through an adapted methodology, indicators were obtained that analyzed the degree of physical quality of the linear park, considering its specificities.
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EDUARDO AUGUSTO MONTEIRO DE ALMEIDA
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TACTILE ARCHITECTURE: Guidelines for three-dimensional spatial orientation devices.
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Fecha: 14-jul-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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One of the activities most frequently performed by man is commuting. Even with the advance of
technological development, man still has the primitive need to use reference points to locate and orient
himself safely, recognizing where he is, identifying where he wants to go and choosing the best route.
The most used sensory system to recognize these landmarks in an environment is vision and for this
reason society prioritizes its use to transmit the necessary information. On the other hand, it is known
that human diversity requires inclusive solutions designed to enable people with disabilities and/or
reduced mobility to also live independently in society. From this perspective, this research developed,
based on the principles of Design, a tool with guidelines for the elaboration and evaluation of tactile
maps of University Campi. The need for this study is justified by the lack of standardization in
Brazilian tactile cartography and the difficulty faced by people with visual impairments to move around
in complex environments such as university centers. In order to understand how tactile maps are
produced in Brazil, a methodology organized in three phases was applied: Systematic review of the
literature, raising the main concepts used in the work with the most consolidated authors in the area;
data collection through semi structured interviews with representatives of national companies that
work with the manufacture of tactile maps, analytical study of selected maps and elaboration of a
matrix of findings, compiling the main information collected; organization of the tool in a checklist
structure with guidelines for the elaboration and evaluation of tactile maps. The results propose a
standardization of the main elements present in tactile maps of university campuses, contributing to the
studies of tactile cartography and enabling the improvement of accessibility conditions for people with
visual impairments.
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EDUARDO AUGUSTO MONTEIRO DE ALMEIDA
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Guidelines for three-dimensional spatial orientation devices.
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Fecha: 14-jul-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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One of the activities most frequently performed by man is commuting. Even with the advance of technological development, man still has the primitive need to use reference points to locate and orient himself safely, recognizing where he is, identifying where he wants to go and choosing the best route. The most used sensory system to recognize these landmarks in an environment is vision and for this reason society prioritizes its use to transmit the necessary information. On the other hand, it is known that human diversity requires inclusive solutions designed to enable people with disabilities and/or reduced mobility to also live independently in society. From this perspective, this research developed, based on the principles of Design, a tool with guidelines for the elaboration and evaluation of tactile maps of University Campi. The need for this study is justified by the lack of standardization in Brazilian tactile cartography and the difficulty faced by people with visual impairments to move around in complex environments such as university centers. In order to understand how tactile maps are produced in Brazil, a methodology organized in three phases was applied: Systematic review of the literature, raising the main concepts used in the work with the most consolidated authors in the area; data collection through semi structured interviews with representatives of national companies that work with the manufacture of tactile maps, analytical study of selected maps and elaboration of a matrix of findings, compiling the main information collected; organization of the tool in a checklist structure with guidelines for the elaboration and evaluation of tactile maps. The results propose a standardization of the main elements present in tactile maps of university campuses, contributing to the studies of tactile cartography and enabling the improvement of accessibility conditions for people with visual impairments.
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MAYARA CYNTHIA BRASILEIRO DE SOUSA
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PROPOSAL OF A PREDICTIVE THERMAL COMFORT INDEX: FIELD STUDY IN NATURALLY VENTILATED ENVIRONMENTS IN CAMPINA GRANDE - PB
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Fecha: 06-jun-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The predictive models of adaptive thermal comfort assess naturally ventilated spaces and start from the hypothesis of the existence of a causal relationship between the acceptable internal temperature and the external temperature, considering aspects of physical, physiological and psychological adaptation. Opportunities for adaptation can, therefore, expand or reduce the thermal zones considered comfortable, which often leads to an overestimation of adaptive possibilities, especially in spaces where there are social norms capable of interfering with people's behavior. On the other hand, the classical assumptions that minimal thermoregulatory activity implies maximum acceptability, with the perception of heat being a purely thermal and physiological stimulus and non-neutral thermal sensations, implying discomfort, have been shown to be inadequate. In this sense, this research seeks, through a longitudinal study, to estimate a predictive algorithm of thermal comfort for naturally ventilated environments in the city of Campina Grande - PB. For this, a systematic analysis of 30 years was initially outlined, which founded the protocols and methods adopted in the research. A total of 1441 people were interviewed in educational, residential and leisure spaces, including adolescents, adults and the elderly, while in parallel the main thermal environmental variables were measured, namely, air temperature, average radiant temperature, relative humidity and air speed. . The operating temperature, relative humidity and air velocity variables were statistically significant to estimate the thermal sensation, as well as the thermal comfort. Thermal comfort models were developed based on mathematical and statistical techniques of simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, confidence intervals, non-generalized linear models, machine learning and the kneighbors algorithm and the Griffith method. The adaptive model of ASHRAE 55 (2020), and the modeled confidence interval, showed more than 80% accuracy in the estimates, being suitable models to estimate the sensation and thermal perception in naturally ventilated environments in the semi-arid climate of Campina Grande.
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ELEONORA PAOLI
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Haunted landscapes of extraction: Spiraling into the Planetary Mine
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Fecha: 27-may-2022
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Hora: 13:00
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This dissertation aims, through a trans-scalar cartographic approach, to identify and analyze the damage to mining territories and their communities caused by mineral extraction. Since this economic activity is responsible for making the territory vulnerable at different scales, the work intends to demonstrate that what haunts these territories is not restricted to specific ocurrences of dam failure or risk of dam failure, but is also revealed through a concatenation of predatory actions and practices that are often invisible. To better illustrate this process that covers the planetary scale of the mine, this dissertation aims to identify how the haunting occurred in a reference case, in the town of Barão de Cocais-MG, whose communities are exposed to the risk of failure of the Sul Superior and Sul Inferior dams, owned by Vale. As a result, the method of critical cartography, based on reports from representatives of communities and social movements, allowed the representation of the damages of this haunted territory. This intends to encourage the unveiling of slow and invisible violence and the claim for compensation for the damages of those affected, since this is not an isolated case, but a model of a frightening reality that is increasingly recurring.
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FLÁVIA MONALIZA NUNES SECUNDO LOPES
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My House, But What Everyday Life? Investigating Gains and Losses of the Spatial Capital of the Everyday Life of Individuals Who Moved Into Housing Estates Financed by the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Housing Program
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Fecha: 16-may-2022
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Hora: 08:30
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This thesis aims at understanding changes in the spatial capital of everyday life of individuals who moved into houses financed by housing governmental programs. Furthermore, it discusses how rehousing might affect the routine of the people in the city and generate problems such as spatial and social exclusion and segregation. The Spatial Capital of Everyday Life is a theoretical-methodological effort built upon the Theory of Spatial Capital (MARCUS, 2010) to address intrinsic aspects of everyday life of individuals in the city. Specifically, the Spatial Capital of Everyday Life are advantages/disadvantages extracted from the combination of the configuration of the urban network, land use, and the public transport system that enable access to opportunities for finding and accessing people and places in the city. The empirical focus is the Spatial Capital of Everyday Life of people who moved into houses financed by Minha Casa, Minha Vida housing program (MCMV) (My House, My Life), in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The MCMV, created in 2009 and discontinued in 2020, was the biggest housing program that existed in Brazil. During its existence, the PMCMV financed the acquisition of almost 4 million housing units nationwide for low and medium-income people. A relevant production that created and consolidated new urban territories. Therefore, altering relations between people that moved into PMCMV units and the city at different levels. In this regard, the following research questions arise: how is the Spatial Capital of Everyday Life in the MCMVs housing estate? What would it be like if they were still living in the old locations? What were the gains and losses of spatial capital? How might this impact the everyday lives of individuals who have moved into these residences? The hypothesis is that when individuals moved into the PMCMV housing estates, they lose Spatial Capital at the local scale. This loss, worse for the lower-income people, requires them to travel longer distances to access opportunities in the city, as compared to the location of their former residences. Traveling longer distances makes them more dependent on paid modes of transport, thus creating hardships for people with lower incomes and fewer resources. To understand the interplay between gains and losses in their urban life, the research compares the Spatial Capital of the location where these individuals lived before and the MCMV's locations. The analysis was based on the creation of Spatial Capital profiles concerning four scales related to different modes of transport: (i) local scale 01 - walking; (ii) local scale 02 - cycling; (iii) global scale 01 - a 23-minute commute on public transport; (iv) global scale 02 - a 47-minute commute on public transport. These profiles were modeled using cumulative accessibility measures calculated from a unimodal and a multimodal urban transport networks models created for this thesis. The results show a major loss of Spatial Capital of Everyday Life for lower-income individuals. These results demonstrate the hypothesis and show the segregating character of the MCMV. Moreover, it recalls the need to discuss and remodel housing programs, taking into account the costs that emerge from the new location and how and if the beneficiaries can deal with them.
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MARIA HELENA DE ANDRADE AZEVÊDO
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Urban Heritage: The persistent mismatch between theory and practice in actions from Monumenta Program
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Fecha: 02-may-2022
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Hora: 09:00
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Since the end of the 18th century, several guidelines on how to intervene in heritage have been propagated based on the work of preservation theorists, and, in the 20th century, through heritage charters international documents with recommendations to be respected when intervening. From those analytical perspectives, the emergence and consolidation of restoration is situated as a specific disciplinary field that will dedicate itself to proposing, intervening, monitoring and questioning actions related to architectural and urban structures of different historical moments. Those theories have been guided by concerns on valuation, deterioration, restoration techniques, respect for heritage, cooperation and heritage education, thus consolidating the existence of a theoretical framework. When observing cultural heritage preservation programs carried out through governmental actions in contemporary Brazil such as Monumenta Program (1995-2012) that financed urban interventions in many Brazilian cities, it can be seen that urban heritage has also been target of actions, differently from times when only historical monuments were considered. Currently, that urban heritage is part of cultural consumption which has led interventions to seek plastic-formal proposals that enable new uses, sometimes causing the reinvention of traditions. Taking such reality into account, this doctoral thesis questions how preservationist recommendations and also those of the heritage charts have been interpreted by the Monumenta Program. Therefore, it is essential, on the one hand, to understand the concept of Urban Heritage according to authors such as John Ruskin, Alöis Riegl, Gustavo Giovannoni, Françoise Choay or Jukka Jokilehto and, on the other, the birth of Urbanism as a disciplinary field, due to urban problems brought about by events like the Industrial Revolution. The thesis also addresses the trajectory of heritage preservation in Brazil since the creation of IPHAN, and discusses physical interventions carried out in three open public places: the Théberge Open, in Icó, CE; São Pedro Square, in Mariana, MG; and São Francisco Square, in São Cristóvão, SE. From a methodological point of view, the evidences here examined have been documents prepared by the Government, suchRESUMO DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE EM INGLÊS Since the end of the 18th century, several guidelines on how to intervene in heritage have been propagated based on the work of preservation theorists, and, in the 20th century, through heritage charters international documents with recommendations to be respected when intervening. From those analytical perspectives, the emergence and consolidation of restoration is situated as a specific disciplinary field that will dedicate itself to proposing, intervening, monitoring and questioning actions related to architectural and urban structures of different historical moments. Those theories have been guided by concerns on valuation, deterioration, restoration techniques, respect for heritage, cooperation and heritage education, thus consolidating the existence of a theoretical framework. When observing cultural heritage preservation programs carried out through governmental actions in contemporary Brazil such as Monumenta Program (1995-2012) that financed urban interventions in many Brazilian cities, it can be seen that urban heritage has also been target of actions, differently from times when only historical monuments were considered. Currently, that urban heritage is part of cultural consumption which has led interventions to seek plastic-formal proposals that enable new uses, sometimes causing the reinvention of traditions. Taking such reality into account, this doctoral thesis questions how preservationist recommendations and also those of the heritage charts have been interpreted by the Monumenta Program. Therefore, it is essential, on the one hand, to understand the concept of Urban Heritage according to authors such as John Ruskin, Alöis Riegl, Gustavo Giovannoni, Françoise Choay or Jukka Jokilehto and, on the other, the birth of Urbanism as a disciplinary field, due to urban problems brought about by events like the Industrial Revolution. The thesis also addresses the trajectory of heritage preservation in Brazil since the creation of IPHAN, and discusses physical interventions carried out in three open public places: the Théberge Open, in Icó, CE; São Pedro Square, in Mariana, MG; and São Francisco Square, in São Cristóvão, SE. From a methodological point of view, the evidences here examined have been documents prepared by the Government, such as the Monumenta Program Project itself, intervention projects, petitions, manuals, meeting reports, events proceedings, seminars, lectures and recommendations provided by both the inspection agencies and the technical staff from the Project Execution Units.
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EMANOEL VICTOR PATRÍCIO DE LUCENA
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Neocolonial Architecture: an archaeological analysis of discourse in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
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Fecha: 25-mar-2022
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Hora: 14:00
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The present research has a theoretical-empirical approach, through which it seeks to analyze the discourse around the Brazilian neocolonial phenomenon, in the theoretical light of the archaeology of discourse proposed by Michel Foucault. The justification of this work is based on contributing to a more accurate understanding of the conflicts and contradictions behind the discourse that led to the emergence of this aforementioned phenomenon in Brazilian context. Adopting the 1900 to 1928 time period as the chronological cut, the research is based on the modernizing and nationalizing zeal of the First Republic in two main centers of cultural effervescence at the beginning of the 20th century: the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In this sense, the work is structured in three chapters. The first presents the historical context that preceded the neocolonial discourse in Brazil, which includes the study of the definition - and relationships between them - of key concepts which have contributed for the understanding of the neocolonial issue in recent historiography of architecture in Brazil. The second chapter is dedicated to the discourse analysis about the neocolonial phenomenon in the contexto of São Paulo, and the third addresses the turnout of that discourse in the carioca context, followed by its analysis. The content presented in the three chapters is based on bibliographic research, documental research and selection of textual corpus, in which the method of archaeological discourse analysis is applied, which primarily seeks to highlight internal and external procedures of control and discursive delimitation. The general objective of the dissertation is to understand the relationships established between the aforementioned modernizing zeal of the Republic and the discourse around the Brazilian neocolonial phenomenon. From that perspective, the results show that from the Proclamation until the early years of the 20th century, the republican nationalist ideal, responding to the alluded effort, prioritized the formation of a sovereign, modern and independent country. Under those circumstances, an anti-Lusitanist spirit developed within the scope of architecture and urbanism, in which any reference to the colonial and imperial past would be considered synonymous with backwardness and subservience. Thus, French Eclecticism was adopted as a bulwark of that republican modernity. Neocolonial architecture in Brazil is, therefore, the result of a discursive arrangement that criticized that ideal of modernity in progress. The aforementioned arrangement was developed in the two main irradiating cultural centers in the country São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro from which key figures emerged for the discourse that supported the Neocolonial in national context. In the capital of São Paulo, the work of the Portuguese engineer Ricardo Severo stands out, while in the carioca scenario the work of Araújo Viana, also engineer, and that of José Marianno Filho, doctor from Pernambuco, are well-known. These characters have given a strong contribution to the resignification of colonial architecture as an affirmation of Brazilian nationality, whose main institutional support was the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB).
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