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SAMARA TEIXEIRA PEREIRA
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USE OF VEGETABLES AS BIOINDICATORS FOR ACUTE AND CHRONIC PHYTOTOXICITY TESTS OF LANDFILL LEACHATE
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Data: 14/11/2024
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Hora: 13:30
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Given the growing demand for the replacement or reduction of animal use in experimentation, there has been a considerable increase in the use of alternative test organisms in ecotoxicological tests. It is necessary to develop research aimed at introducing plants as bioindicators for the monitoring of environmental pollutants. In this context, this research sought to evaluate the use of vegetables as bioindicators in acute and chronic phytotoxicity assays and the effects on crops irrigated with raw landfill leachate. In the acute stage, seeds of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Arugula (Eruca sativa), Watercress (Barbarea verna), Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Radish (Raphanus sativus), and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) were used, assessing the radicle growth and germination index. In the chronic stage, the most resistant vegetables identified in the acute stage were used, evaluating the potential sublethal effects on plant growth, physiology, and biomass production through irrigation with raw leachate. Additionally, the chemical characteristics of the soil after cultivation were assessed. The results indicated acute phytotoxicity of the effluent for all the seeds investigated, with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) being the most resistant and watercress (Barbarea verna) the most sensitive After cultivation with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and radish (Raphanus sativus) irrigated with raw leachate, the soil showed signs of salinity and compaction, and chronic phytotoxic effects were observed in the plants, with reductions of approximately 50% and 70%, respectively, in the growth and biomass of the vegetables. The results indicated a possible influence of the hormesis effect on the physiological data. It was concluded that vegetables sensitive to wastewater toxicity can be used as bioindicators in acute and chronic phytotoxicity bioassays, promoting their inclusion in routine environmental diagnostics.
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JEFERSON GOMES NUNES
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valor representativo único para cada parâmetro, permitindo a inserção dos dados em modelos
numéricos e a simulação da arquibancada ocupada por pessoas.
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Orientador : ROBERTO LEAL PIMENTEL
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Data: 30/09/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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This work analyzes the dynamic behavior of temporary grandstands, highlighting the
structural and safety challenges associated with these structures. The aim of the research is to
deepen the understanding of the interaction between the grandstands and the audience, with a focus
on improving design considerations, especially concerning dynamic effects that can lead to excessive vibrations and even collapses. The primary focus is to develop a biodynamic model to analyze the vibrations of the grandstands, considering the presence of spectators both seated and
standing. The adopted method involves using human body transmissibility data obtained from vibration tests on a concrete platform laterally excited at frequencies of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9
Hz. The vibration tests with seated and standing individuals were analyzed, generating time series
diagrams of the input and output signals at each frequency, with unwanted signals filtered out using
a Fourier filter. The transmissibility (TR) was calculated peak-to-peak for each frequency, and an
arithmetic mean of the values obtained was taken for each individual and position. After obtaining
the mass, stiffness, and damping values for the six participants, it was necessary to determine a
single representative value for each parameter, allowing the data to be incorporated into numerical
models and the simulation of the grandstand occupied by people.
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LINCCON DE CARVALHO LIMA
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Proposal of a Dynamic Method for Evaluating Thermal Comfort in Open Urban Spaces
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Data: 30/09/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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According to the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, published in August 2021, the planet's average temperature is expected to rise by 1.5 °C by 2030. Given this new climate scenario, researchers around the world have been stepping up their research into thermal comfort in open urban environments and its effects on the health and well-being of the population. Assessing thermal sensation in open urban spaces is complex and requires various methodologies, such as field surveys and the interpretation of mathematical models. Research on thermal comfort varies in methods, situations analyzed, measurements, and times, making comparisons difficult, especially due to the different data collection protocols adopted according to the objectives of each study. In this context, this research aims to propose a method for evaluating dynamic thermal comfort by collecting microclimatic variables, subjective evaluation (application of questionnaires), and UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) and PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) thermal comfort indexes. In order to reduce the differences between equipment, the aim was to develop and evaluate the applicability of a prototype bioclimatic backpack for collecting environmental variables. The low-cost bioclimatic backpack prototype, called PLEMS (Portable Low-Cost Environmental Monitoring System), which was developed and tested, proved to be viable for application in thermal comfort studies in open urban spaces. A proposed questionnaire for subjective evaluation was also desenvolved. The questionnaire proved to be efficient in collecting biological information and assessing the thermal perception of those interviewed. It was found that, along the transect, the transients experienced significant variations in thermal conditions. It was found that, along the transect, thermal sensations were correlated with microclimate variables and with the UTCI and PET indexes. Both indexes overestimated the reported thermal sensation, especially during the dry period. The PET proved to be more sensitive to microclimatic variations, capturing discomfort in lower temperatures more accurately, while the UTCI showed stronger correlations with subjective variables. Both presented similar comfort ranges, but the PET was more closely aligned with air temperature. During the humid period, approximately 60% of the comfort sensation votes fall within the air temperature range of 27°C to 30°C, PET from 26°C to 31°C, and UTCI from 29°C to 34°C. In the dry season, about 37% of the comfort sensation votes are concentrated within the air temperature range of 29°C to 32°C, PET from 29°C to 35°C, and UTCI from 33°C to 38°C.
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MARCOS ELIAS DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR
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MODELING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING ENERGY BALANCE AND IMAGERY FROM REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT
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Orientador : DAVI DE CARVALHO DINIZ MELO
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Data: 30/09/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Evapotranspiration (ET) encompasses both soil water evaporation and plant transpiration and is a key process in maintaining the water and energy balance on the Earth's surface. It is divided into three components: soil evaporation, canopy transpiration, and the interception of water retained by the canopy. The PT-JPL model is widely used for ET estimates; however, it does not include a robust method for integrating thermal data obtained from UAVs. This study aims to map ET using meteorological data and aerial images obtained by UAVs in a sugarcane cultivation area in the northern coast of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. It also proposes to assess how the QWaterModel plugin can be applied in models like PT-JPL to improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration estimates. The QWaterModel showed a strong correlation for radiation and a lower correlation for ET. The latter was also the r² value for the PT-JPL model. Of the three PT-JPL model components, canopy interception evaporation was disregarded due to its zero contribution to ET. By using the PT-JPL model together with the QWaterModel, this study seeks to enhance the accuracy of ET estimates, particularly in agricultural settings like a sugarcane field.
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EMERSON DA SILVA FREITAS
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IMPROVEMENT OF PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION
AT MONTHLY AND DAILY SCALES FOR BRAZIL BASED ON REMOTE SENSING
PRODUCT AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
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Data: 27/09/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Precipitation is one of the main components of the hydrological cycle and its accurate quantification is essential to provide information for understanding and predicting physical processes. Occurrence observations based on ground-based devices (manual and automatic rain gauges) are highly accurate but have limited spatial coverage. On the other hand, remote sensing products cover large areas but with lower precision. In this context, this study aims to evaluate machine learning models to create a product with better occurrence estimation, with lower latency than other products and without directly relying on field data. The methodology consists of choosing the best machine learning model (classification and regression) and applying it to satellite-based remote sensing data (IMERG Early Run product) and reanalysis-based variables (MERRA-2). The method was applied throughout the Brazilian territory, on monthly and daily scales, which presents a wide variety of supply regimes. This methodology first resulted in the development of an adjusted IMERG product at the monthly scale (IMERG-BraMaL) and later an improved product at the daily scale with a multiple machine learning technique (IMERG-BraMMaL). Compared to the original IMERG products (Early Run and Final Run) and global estimation products (MSWEP, CHIRPS and PERSIANN-CDR), IMERG-BraMaL improved the analyses evaluated between terrestrial and satellite data in almost all analyses. For example, the KGE (Kling-Gupta Efficiency) went from lower values (0.70, 0.82, 0.09, 0.60 and 0.81 for IMERG Early, IMERG Final, PERSIANN, MSWEP and CHIRPS, respectively) to values above 0.86 in IMERG-BraMal at the
monthly scale. On a daily scale, IMERG BraMMAL proved to be more efficient, presenting better results, with a CC of 0.79 compared to 0.68 for IMERG BraMaL. The main conclusions of the study were: (i) much faster availability to end users; (ii) no dependence on any field data, allowing its application in areas where rainfall data are not available or are of low quality; (iii) no correlation of errors with local characteristics; and (iv) much improved estimates in regions of Brazil where, historically, satellite-based products often underestimate the observed data.
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MAISA BEATRIZ MARINHO FAUSTO DA SILVA
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Explanatory modeling for the assessment of the condition
state of road bridges regarding the judgment of structural insufficiency based on inspection reports.
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Data: 27/09/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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Starting from the assumption of the importance of the continuous study of elements that
make up urban infrastructure, such as those of Special Arts Works (OAEs), which are bridges,
bridges, viaducts and underpasses in Brazil; The article proposes an explanatory/analytical
modeling of information from inspections available at SGO/DNIT, with the intention of evaluating
the possible relationship between the evaluators' opinions and the characteristics of the bridges.
The procedure begins by identifying the important variables to explain the evaluators' opinions
regarding structural insufficiency based on a preliminary analysis using logistic regression. Next,
the steps of predictive analysis are carried out with 6 (six) algorithms and their accuracy is verified
using cross-validation. Finally, it was possible to attest that out of 12 (twelve) characteristics of the
bridges, 5 (five), age, type of structure, lane width and two others related to the damage found on
them, are the most relevant initially to explain the judgment of insufficiency structural. The logistic
model indicated a correct classification for 82.73% of the records investigated, presenting an area
under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.8314. With the cross-validation method, the logistic regression model had the highest accuracy of 80.76%, while in the Machine Learning models the maximum
accuracy observed was 83.40%. The good quality of the fit of the logistic regression model and the
Machine Learning algorithms was an indication that it would be possible to formulate a model with
sufficient predictive capacity to assist in the classification of bridges regarding structural
insufficiency.
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JOAO LUIZ FRANCA RIBEIRO
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Use of Cluster Analysis as a Decision-Making Support Tool Based on Inspection Data from the
DNITs Bridge Management System
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Orientador : RICARDO ALMEIDA DE MELO
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Data: 26/09/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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The aging of bridges the deterioration of constituent materials, and changes in road traffic patterns
have posed numerous challenges to transportation agencies regarding the maintenance of these
structures. Increasingly severe budget constraints make it necessary to manage these assets
rationally, especially using tools that enable more efficient and effective decision-making. Therefore, the objective of this work was to propose a methodology for recognizing deterioration patterns of bridges belonging to the Bridge Management System of DNIT through the application of Cluster Analysis to assist in the maintenance decision-making process. To achieve this, a sample containing inspection data from 1,096 bridges was clustered using the K-medoids (Partitioning Around Medoids) clustering technique, with Gower's dissimilarity matrix used as a distance measure. The attributes involved in the clustering process were: length, width, length of the largest span, Truck Annual Average Daily Traffic, and average annual precipitation. Afterward, a statistical investigation was carried out in each of the three obtained clusters, revealing statistically significant differences in the frequency of certain types of damage and the frequency of damaged elements among the clusters.
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MIRELA OLIVEIRA MEDEIROS
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The Relationship Between Surface Urban Heat Islands, Land Use, and Thermal Discomfort: A Study in João Pessoa
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Data: 23/09/2024
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Hora: 15:00
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Rapid urbanization and population growth lead to changes in land use and land cover, primarily
triggered by deforestation and the replacement of green areas with impermeable surfaces. Thus,
understanding the impacts caused by urbanization is of great interest to the academic community
and urban managers, contributing to the understanding of local climate dynamics and preventive
measures against the formation of urban heat islands. This article aims to analyze the
spatiotemporal variability between the years 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022 of land surface
temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-
up Index (NDBI), and Built-up Index (BU), as well as the local dynamics of land use and land
cover, based on Landsat series images covering the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. Additionally, air
temperature (T_air) and relative humidity (RH) from two meteorological stations of the National
Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used to analyze the Thom Discomfort Index (TDI). The
results show that deforestation and the loss of green areas due to urban expansion contribute to
thermal increase and the consequent formation of urban heat islands. These areas showed surface
temperatures close to 40°C and NDVI values between 0 and 1. The city of João Pessoa was
predominantly classified as slightly comfortable throughout the historical series, with TDI above
the limit considered partially comfortable (24°C ≤ TDI ≤ 26.0°C) in all analyzed years, thus
demonstrating that the population of João Pessoa has faced conditions close to thermal discomfort
during much of the studied period. These results certify the need for mitigating and preventive
strategies to ensure the health and quality of life of the population.
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ALICE VITÓRIA SERAFIM BESERRA
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Studies of extraction methods of forage palm mucilage and its application as a potential corrosion inhibitor
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Data: 06/09/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Reinforced concrete structures represent a system widely used in civil construction and,
although they have good durability, when exposed to aggressive agents and processes, their useful life may be reduced due to destructive phenomena such as reinforcement corrosion, especially when the structures are exposed to environments with high concentrations of aggressive ions, such as chlorides. In view of this, in recent years, the use of green corrosion inhibitors has been investigated. Opuntia Ficus Indica (Nopal) has been studied as one of these alternatives. In this work, two extractions of nopal mucilage (EM) were made, which were used as a corrosion inhibitor of reinforcement in electrochemical cells simulating concrete pore water. In the mortar phase, the extraction with the best performance in the previous phase was applied. The volumetric concentrations of EM varied from 0, 2%, 4% and 6% and three replicate cells were adopted for each experimental condition. For mortars, the concentrations were 0, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%, in addition to a mix with commercial inhibitor and two mixes using 1 and 2% of nopal powder (NP). These were subjected to wetting and drying cycles and properties evaluated in their fresh and hardened states. The results show that the addition of EM can improve the performance of the reinforcement in environments contaminated by chlorides, delaying the depassivation of the reinforcement and this behavior depends on the mucilage concentration. The setting time is delayed and the viscosity increases. The compressive strength values exceed the control values over time. Regarding the electrochemical monitoring, during the 280 days of testing the mortars remained passive, without showing signs of jumps in current densities to classify a corrosion risk.
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MIKAEL BERNARDO VASCONCELOS DE ARAÚJO
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ESTIMATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION POTENTIAL FROM LARGE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES GENERATING ORGANIC WASTE IN THE CITY OF JOÃO PESSOA (PB)
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Orientador : JOACIO DE ARAUJO MORAIS JUNIOR
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Data: 03/09/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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: Extreme climate change is a consequence of human exploitation through the unsustainable
use of resources and inadequate disposal of solid waste. Law No. 12,305, of August 2, 2010, which
established the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), provides that some activities and large
generators are subject to the development of plans for waste management. In Brazil, the
categorization of large generators is not standardized, and this is a major bottleneck, as it is not
possible to inspect without establishing the criteria and elements subject to inspections. In João
Pessoa, Decree No. 8,886, of December 23, 2016, qualifies establishments that produce more than
200 liters per day as large generators. This work has the general objective of investigating the
potential for biogas production from waste from large organic waste generators in the city of João
Pessoa. To identify large generators, considering the difficulty in obtaining data from public bodies,
sectors that had been previously researched were mapped, limiting the research to hotels, bars and
restaurants, open-air markets, supermarkets and supply centers. Regarding the quantification and
gravimetric analysis of waste, there is a method for collecting data for each of the large generators,
considering the specificities of the establishments and viable alternatives for obtaining information. The estimate of biogas generation potential was based on the Scholl Canyon mathematical model. It
is possible to highlight that the research has an innovative character, considering that no research
was found in the bibliometric review that covers all large generators of organic waste, especially in
João Pessoa. A total mass of 27,544 ton.year-1 was estimated, with a methane flow between 50,183 and 66,911 m³.year-1, with a capacity to generate electrical energy of 2,035,407 kWh.year-1, which confirms the viability reusing this waste through more technological and sustainable disposal methods, such as the implementation of a biomethanation plant in the city of João Pessoa.
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ALINNY DANTAS AVELINO
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IMPACT OF VARIABLES OF URBAN FORM AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN CONDITIONS CARDIORESPIRATORY OF RESIDENTS IN AREAS OF MUNICIPALITY OF JOÃO PESSOA
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Data: 14/08/2024
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Hora: 13:00
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Complex interactions between urban form and the urban thermal environment are
One of the main factors that contribute to the health-related, social, economic, and
environmental problems caused by urbanization. This thesis aims to Study the relationship
between surface temperature and form variables of the urban environment and the number
of cardiorespiratory deaths among residents of areas in the municipality of João Pessoa
between 2013 and 2019. Landsat 8 satellite imagery was used to acquire the surface
temperature (Ts) of specific neighborhoods of the city. area Satellite. Official health records
and city maps were obtained from João Pessoa's official health regulatory bodies. This study
investigates the correlations between urbanization factors such as land use, the number of
floors in buildings, and the presence of green areas and cardiorespiratory mortality rates in
the area. QGis and R were used to develop techniques such as density maps, nearest neighbor
analysis, Pearson correlation, and regression models. The study reveals a positive correlation
between higher surface temperatures and increased rates of cardiorespiratory deaths.
Moreover, aspects of urban form, notably the presence of commercial areas and mixed-use
areas, were found to significantly affect death rates, especially among older populations.
Green spaces did not show a statistically significant impact on mitigating these outcomes
across various scales of analysis. These findings underscore the critical implications of urban
design and land use in public health, particularly in the face of climate change. The study
calls for an integrated approach in urban planning that considers the health impacts of urban
form and surface temperatures, highlighting the need for further research to solidify these
observations and to explore the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
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CAMILA GONÇALVES LUZ NUNES
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Analysis of the Replacement of Public Transportation and Bicycles by Ridesourcing in the Post-Pandemic Context of the City of João Pessoa
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Data: 30/07/2024
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Hora: 09:30
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During the pandemic, many people reassessed their travel habits due to health concerns and mobility restrictions. This resulted in changes in travel purposes, the number of trips made, and transportation mode choices. Regarding modal choice, it was found that the Covid-19 pandemic led to a reduction in the use of shared transportation modes, such as ridesourcing and public transportation (PT), along with a preference for private vehicles and active modes, such as cycling. Despite the reduction in the use of ridesourcing, some people began to use it as an alternative to PT and cycling due to perceived higher health risks in PT travel and unwillingness to cycle. Given this scenario, there is a gap in understanding how the behavioral changes observed during the pandemic might persist in the long term and affect the demand for public transportation and cycling in the post-pandemic period. Therefore, this study seeks to compare the habits developed during the pandemic with those practiced after its end, as well as analyze the factors contributing to the substitution of more sustainable transportation modes, such as cycling and PT, with ridesourcing in the post-pandemic context. To achieve these objectives, Revealed Preference (RP) and Stated Preference (SP) surveys were conducted through questionnaires administered in person to cyclists and public transportation users in the city of João Pessoa. The experimental design for the composition of SP scenarios was developed using the Bayesian Efficient Design technique. With the collected data, it was possible to conduct a comparative analysis of mobility behavior during and after the pandemic, using McNemar and McNemar-Bowker hypothesis tests. Additionally, two Multinomial Logit models were estimated to identify the factors contributing to the substitution of public transportation and cycling with ridesourcing in the post-pandemic period. The results demonstrate significant changes between mobility patterns observed during and after the pandemic, with shifts in travel purposes, the most used transportation mode, and ridesourcing usage. Furthermore, it was found that the substitution effect of ridesourcing is predominant over PT, especially in the post-pandemic period, and that factors such as price, travel time, PT comfort (related to crowding), and cycling infrastructure are relevant for cyclists and PT users to substitute these modes with ridesourcing.
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RAUL SOUZA MUNIZ
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PREDICTION OF PRECIPITATION IN THE LEGAL AMAZON USING GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MODELS FOR LOCATION, SCALE, AND SHAPE (GAMLSS)
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Data: 29/07/2024
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Hora: 17:00
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This study aimed to model precipitation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon using the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). The research focused on analyzing teleconnections, wind speed, pressure, and extreme temperatures as explanatory variables to predict precipitation. The methodology involved collecting and analyzing precipitation and climate variable data, as well as applying the GAMLSS model to identify patterns and regional variations throughout the quarters of 2021. The results indicated that the ZAGA distribution was effective in regions with a high incidence of zeros in the time series, achieving R² values above 0.75 in 132 out of 408 modeled pixels. The states of Pará, Maranhão, eastern Amazonas, and northern Tocantins, as well as specific areas in Acre, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso, stood out for their high performance. Considering only the models with R² values above 0.90, 27 pixels reached this level of precision, with Pará hosting
44.44% of these high-performing models. The temporal analysis of the best pixels reinforced the effectiveness of the zero-inflated model (ZAGA) in capturing time series with a high incidence of zeros, a common feature in precipitation data. The stepGAICAll.A function was used to identify the optimal combination of explanatory variables in each of the 27 best models, highlighting teleconnections such as AMO, NINO_1_2, PDO, AO, and NINO_4 as the most influential. The study's conclusions point to the robustness of the ZAGA distribution in predicting precipitation in regions with high climatic variability, significantly contributing to the understanding of climatic dynamics in the Legal Amazon and providing a solid foundation for future research and conservation policies.
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MARIANA ARAÚJO DE MORAIS MENDES
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Cisterns implemented at the Mocambo community, in Patos-PB: diagnosis and improvement proposals
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Orientador : GILSON BARBOSA ATHAYDE JUNIOR
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Data: 29/07/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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A fundamental component of basic sanitation, the supply of water for human consumption is essential for maintaining health and quality of life. Despite such importance, unfortunately, this service cannot meet the demands of the population in its entirety. A simple and effective alternative
to meeting this need is the use of rainwater. The present work aims to analyze the conditions of
cisterns implemented in a rural community and provide an updated diagnosis on the use of rainwater there, as well as proposing improvements to the existing scenario in the locality, in terms
of use of available water for human consumption, and maintenance and sizing of systems. The study was carried out in the rural area of the municipality of Patos/Paraíba, covering the community of Mocambo and surrounding areas and involved the participation of 70 families, where a questionnaire was administered about the use, handling and consumption of water stored in cisterns built in the community through social programs such as the Programa 1 Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC) and other government and private initiatives. Based on the information obtained through the application of the questionnaire and the author's observation during the field research, it was possible to characterize the community in terms of the use of cisterns, analyzing their purposes, dimensions, pathologies and possible treatments used for the stored water. After analyzing sample data from community SAACs, using consumption parameters for rural areas and proposing different dimensions for cisterns, it was possible to conclude that smaller volumes than the P1MC standard (16,000L) are more efficient, as they promote reducing system idleness and enable savings and better distribution of financial resources, potentially benefiting a greater number of families with the program.
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CAMILA DE ANDRADE OLIVEIRA
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PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF LOW IMPACT STRUCTURES FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL LOTS
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Orientador : GUSTAVO BARBOSA LIMA DA SILVA
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Data: 29/07/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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In recent decades, discussions related to the adoption of strategies that promote urban resilience in the face of flooding have demonstrated that the implementation of low-impact structures distributed at lot level can help mitigate this problem. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using the permeable area of an urban residential lot to control runoff volume and peak flows, considering the isolated and integrated use of rain barrels (BC), green roofs (TV), infiltration trenches (TRIN) and bioretention cells (BIOR). Using hydrological modeling, 1440 scenarios were simulated in the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), from which the influence of the size and division of the lot's permeable area (PA), rainfall (design and natural) and characteristics of the natural soil in the results obtained for 12 levels of intervention. The interventions included the disconnection of the runoff generated on the lot to the AP, the adoption of a 30 cm drawdown in the AP and the isolated and serial use of BC, TV, TRIN and BIOR. The results obtained demonstrated that, depending on the conditions adopted, the proposed interventions can control up to 100,00% of the volume drained and the peak flows generated in the lot. Furthermore, it was found that the implementation of TV associated in series with the conversion of the AP into a TRIN and a BIOR were the interventions that demonstrated greater efficiency in controlling the aspects analyzed. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that: the greater the intensity of the rain, the lower the potential for reducing runoff promoted by the proposed interventions; there is a direct relationship between the size of the AP and the potential for attenuating runoff and peak flows promoted by the proposed interventions; the distribution of runoff in different permeable areas can promote an improvement in the efficiency of the proposed interventions, making the volume directed to each area more compatible with the infiltration capacity of the natural soil or the soil designed by TRIN and BIOR; the infiltration and storage capacity of TRIN and BIOR contributes to reducing the influence of natural soil characteristics on runoff control; connecting impervious to permeable areas of the lot can result in up to 46.61% control of runoff volume; and that lowering the AP by 30 cm can be an alternative to the implementation of TRIN and BIOR, capable of promoting control of up to 100.00% of the flow volume.
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ARTHUR MARINHO CAHINO
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WASTE WITHOUT PURIFICATION USED AS RAW MATERIAL FOR PRODUCT SYNTHESIS
INTENDED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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Data: 26/07/2024
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Hora: 13:30
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Solid waste is considered one of the biggest causes of damage to the environment. It is necessary to develop research with the aim of reinserting waste into the production chain as a new material, enabling its use in the most diverse economic sectors. Thus, the research sought to: investigate alternative waste with the potential to be reused, notably as a photocatalyst, and possible reduction of the load of materials inappropriately disposed of in the environment. These photocatalysts were used to treat the Ruby GDN dye, used in the textile industry, which contributes significantly to water pollution in the country. The use of calcium oxide (CaO) from chicken eggshells (residue 1) calcined at 600, 700, 800 and 900 ºC and zinc oxide (ZnO) from electrolytic paste from post-consumer batteries was evaluated. (residue 2) calcined at 500 ºC for 4 hours, both as alternative heterogeneous photocatalysts without purification. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Diffuse Reflectance to calculate the band gap, Thermogravimetry (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The catalysts were tested using 22 factorial design and degradation kinetics of the Ruby GDN dye and in natura textile effluent. The results of the XRD and FTIR characterizations showed that the main components are calcium oxides for the eggshell and zinc oxide for the electrolytic paste. The band gap investigation showed that the materials have an energy very close to 3.0 eV, close to commercial catalysts such as TiO2 and ZnO and, therefore, have recognized optical properties for application in photocatalysis processes. The thermogravimetric curve reported the excellent stability of CaO and ZnO at high temperatures, with
stability achieved after 780 ºC and 690 ºC, respectively. The micrographs for CaO allowed us to
conclude that, as the calcination temperature increases, the material takes on more regular shapes.
For ZnO, the micrographs obtained allowed us to conclude that the material has regular, welldefined shapes and a low degree of porosity. The EDS allowed us to verify that the chemical composition of the materials is approximately 75% for the two catalysts obtained in the research. From tests with Rubi GDN, it was possible to verify that CaO calcined at 900 ºC achieved a total color removal of 62.1% after another 120 minutes of exposure to solar radiation when 1.0 g/L of CaO was used. It was possible to verify that the use of ZnO had a positive influence on the degradation of compounds that give color to Ruby GDN, obtaining a total removal of 28.5% after 120 minutes of exposure to solar radiation when 1.0 g/L of ZnO was used. Finally, a 23 factorial design was carried out using raw textile effluent with ZnO catalyst without purification, obtaining a maximum degradation efficiency of 31%. It was concluded that alternative heterogeneous catalysts have photocatalytic capacity even without the alternative waste purification processes studied and can be a low-cost alternative to removing color from textile effluents and sustainable based on the principles of circular economy.
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IGOR DO NASCIMENTO QUARESMA
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Models for estimating the generation and recovery options for solid waste from the hotel sector
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Data: 15/07/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Solid waste management in urban areas is carried out by municipalities, which are responsible for its collection and final treatment, which can also include waste generated in economic activities, as long as it is not of a hazardous nature. Among these economic activities are those related to tourism, with strong growth in the hospitality sector in Brazil. Given this context, the general aim of this research was to build mathematical models for predicting the amount of solid waste generated by the hotel sector. The object of study in this study was seven accommodation establishments in the city of João Pessoa. Three models were proposed, with the dependent variables being daily solid waste generation (MR, expressed in kg. day-¹), per capita generation rate (Tx1, expressed in kg.guest-¹.day-¹) and generation rate per area (Tx2, expressed in kg.m-².day-¹). The independent variables analyzed were the number of rooms, the number of beds, the number of guests, the occupancy rate, the number of employees and the services offered. The models were validated according to the assumptions of a linear regression model. A gravimetric analysis was carried out to identify the types of solid waste produced in hotels. In addition, a life cycle assessment was carried out for different management scenarios for biowaste from the hotel sector. The daily generation of solid waste (Mr) from the hotels ranged from 7.5 kg.day-¹ to 468.30 kg.day-¹, with an average production of 122.39 kg.day-¹. Based on the number of guests, the services offered and the number of employees, the Mr model explains 71% of the daily generation of solid waste in the hotel sector. The per capita generation rate (Tx1) varied between 0.11 kg.guest-¹.day and 5.17 kg.guest-¹.day-¹, with an average rate of 0.99 kg.guest-¹.day-¹. According to the Tx1 model, this rate is explained 30% by the number of employees and the weight of the services offered. The generation rate according to area (Tx2) varied between 0.0008 kg.m-².day-¹ and 0.0609 kg.m-².day-¹, with an average rate of 0.0170 kg.m-².day-¹, and can be explained by 63% of the population, occupancy rate and services offered. Based on the application of the proposed models, the daily generation in João Pessoa's hotel sector can be estimated at 4,148.48 kg.day-¹, with an average generation rate of 0.640 kg.guest-¹.day-¹, or 0.0140 kg.m-².day-¹. The results of this research indicate that solid waste from the hotel sector is made up, on average, of 57% biowaste, 24% recyclable waste and 19% non-recyclable waste. This waste is currently disposed of in the landfill in the city of João Pessoa. Results of the life cycle assessment indicate that disposing of biowaste in the landfill has higher negative environmental impacts than composting or anaerobic digestion in 62.5% of the categories analyzed. Decentralizing treatment proved to be effective in reducing the net impacts of centralized treatment. Therefore, the research makes it possible to identify the main variables that significantly influence the generation of solid waste in the hotel sector, as well as making it possible to predict the solid waste generated in lodging establishments, which facilitates the development of management strategies.
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GRAZIELA PINTO DE FREITAS
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VALUATION OF ORGANIC WASTE IN SYSTEMS BIODIGESTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF BIOECONOMY
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Data: 04/04/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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The management of urban solid waste (GRSU) is characterized as one of the main challenges faced by society, with significant impacts on the environmental, social and economic environment and public health. Therefore, currently there are several technologies focused on the treatment of such waste, such as Anaerobic Digestion (AD) through the use of biodigesters to produce energy. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to analyze the implications of the use of biodigesters in the bioeconomy, and quantify the emissions of CO2eq in different scenarios of management and treatment of Organic Solid Waste (RSO). It was used the SWOT matrix methodology that is composed of the methods of evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats aimed at the use of biodigesters for the treatment of CSR, the SWOT matrix wasconsider specialists working in the field of study. It was also performed the calculation of emissions of Greenhouse
Gases (GHG) in the management of RS in a restaurant located in the city of São Luís - MA. The calculation used for gas measurement was through the creation of scenarios taking into account trends in the management of RS. The analysis presented all emissions flows related to waste, calculating the total GHG emissions of all stages of the process in Tons of CO2eq. The results indicated that through biodigesters occurs the reuse of materials classified as waste, inputs or raw material in the manufacture of new products, and the mentioned technology is very promising within the context of renewable energies. The main weak point (negative) identified was in relation to inadequate selective collection, 56% of the experts interviewed said that selective collection in Brazilian municipalities still presents precarious. It was verified economic benefits, through carbon
trading and sale of biogas and biofertilizer that are generated in the process of treatment of RS through biodigesters, already known that the biogas produced by biodigesters can be used as a source of energy for various purposes. The downside was the emergence of more attractive renewable energy sources. In the case of CO2eq emissions, it was found that the current technological route, that is, the landfill presented the highest environmental impacts and higher GHG contributions. The biological treatment showed positive impacts in all scenarios analyzed. The study concluded that the biodigesters focused on the treatment of RO for energy production were efficient in terms of CO2 emissions, as well as in the context of CE and consequently of sustainability, in addition to providing the identification of the main points to have greater attention by decision makers who intend to make use of technology, since there are still few studies focused on the subject studied.
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JOSÉ LINDEMBERG VIDAL BARBOSA
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BRAZILIAN DAILY RAINFALL GRIDDED DATA FROM A QUALITY CONTROLLED DATASET
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Data: 27/03/2024
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Hora: 14:30
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Accurate meteorological data is crucial for assessing the impacts of spatiotemporal variability in climate changes over hydrology, agroecosystems, etc. This work addresses the significance of high-quality precipitation records in the current climate scenario, emphasizing their importance not only in the scientific and technical domain but also for public institutions managing pluviometric networks. The primary objective of this study is to develop high-resolution grids (0.25° × 0.25°) of daily precipitation, utilizing data from more than 11,000 stations spanning the period 1961 to 2020. The dataset is sourced from the Brazilian National Hydrometeorological Network (RHN), subjected to an automatic quality control procedure. The automatic quality control procedure involves two consecutive steps: Basic Quality Control and Absolute Quality Control. Monthly quality assessments categorize station quality as Very Low, Low, Acceptable, Good, or Excellent, and later as High Quality (HQ) and Low Quality (LQ). Evaluation of the methodology was conducted using a visually inspected data set from CEMADEN (Brazilian National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Natural Disasters). The results showed an accuracy of 98.4% in correctly identifying high-quality stations. Out of a total of over 103 million daily records, approximately 1.6% were flagged as very low or low quality and subsequently discarded. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method was employed to the remaining 101 million daily records to produce a high-resolution gridded data of daily precipitation. Cross-validation statistics of the interpolated data have performed better than previous works about the same data set.
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LILIANNE DE QUEIROZ LEAL
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Sky Obstruction and UV Radiation: Criteria for generation healthy urban spaces
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Data: 27/03/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Ultraviolet radiation plays a fundamental role in human health, with beneficial effects such as vitamin D synthesis from moderate exposure, and harmful effects like erythema and skin cancer from excessive exposure. Given the lack of global consensus, adopting new regulatory structures
for urban planning is necessary, especially those that promote solar access. Rapid urbanization
poses a challenge for creating and maintaining urban spaces with solar access, due to obstructions
that reduce sky availability. Depending on the degree of obstruction, urban shadows can be considered an alternative to improve the quality of these spaces. Thus, this research investigated
the interaction between sky obstructions and ultraviolet solar radiation, establishing criteria for
generating healthy urban spaces in low latitude regions. Experimental studies highlighted surveys
and measurements of UV Index and UV radiation in urban areas located in João Pessoa/PB. Measurement stations consisted of two open and unobstructed areas (Sol Station) and six areas
shaded by trees and buildings (Shadow Station). Three indicators of urban morphology were applied to assess sky availability: Sky View Factor, Sun Coverage Factor, and Segmented Sky Factor. For UV radiation measurements, a low-cost solution was adopted, with intercomparison between instruments, using the Sensu Comfortmeter and the Ground Ultraviolet Radiometer - GUV. Polynomial models proved satisfactory, with good residual adequacy, especially for the UV Index.
The results indicated that the Ultraviolet Index (UVI) reached maximum values of extreme risk
(UVI≥11), prone to deleterious effects. There was a greater hourly association of UVI with global
radiation compared to other time frames. Stations with a sky fraction above 0.40 recorded high
levels of UV radiation, while those below 0.10 showed greater UV attenuation. It was found that
there is a possibility of vitamin D synthesis in partially blocked areas, under clear skies at times
near solar noon, and with a sky factor above the moderate range. Below 0.20, UV radiation can be
attenuated to the point of not contributing to an increase in vitamin D status. The research emphasized the importance of urban space morphology in regulating UV radiation exposure,
highlighting the potential benefits of shaded green areas for vitamin D synthesis. This suggests the
implementation of public policies for urban planning to create green spaces and build more resilient and healthy communities.
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JANAINA SALUSTIO DA SILVA
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Analysis of the Adhesion Integrity of Adhesive Mortar Joints on Ceramic Tiles under Static and Dynamic Loading
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Data: 27/03/2024
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Hora: 09:30
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Despite the various technological advances achieved in the facade technology sector and the
updating of normative documents that specify criteria for the use of cladding materials, it is still
possible to see that a serious problem persists in modern constructions: ceramic detachment. The
majority of these detachments occur at the interface between the adhesive mortar and the ceramic
tile, as this is the region most stressed by simultaneous tensile and shearing efforts when
considering the thermo-hygroscopic effects of the materials. Sudden temperature variations
generate stresses that act on the adhesive mortar, leading to the appearance of damage through the
action of thermomechanical fatigue. Despite this, in Brazil, the methodology adopted to evaluate
adhesion in coatings consists of a test that only evaluates direct tensile strength. In this sense, this
research aims to investigate the adhesion of mortar joints using destructive and non-destructive
crack propagation tests, subjecting the samples to the combined action of tensile and shearing
efforts. For this, sandwich-type samples were molded made up of two ceramic plates joined by
adhesive mortar. The presence of cracks, in different sizes, was simulated at the mortar/ceramic
interface. Two types of adhesive mortar were also used, differentiated by their adhesion capacity.
The test results were analyzed according to load and energy parameters. The mixed-mode bending
test confirmed the importance of interface contact conditions on the fracture resistance of the
material, pointing to an increase in the crack propagation speed the smaller the contact area of the
materials. The use of the resonance technique proved to be efficient in identifying the presence of
damage in samples, and guidelines for identifying damage based on the material's resonance
response were established. The analysis of the resonance spectra made it possible to determine
which were the regions of influence of the component materials and the representative peak of the
effect of the crack on the mortar-ceramic interface. When comparing the two test methods, a good
agreement between their results was observed and the critical energy required for crack propagation
was established within the average of 0.053J±0.031J.
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CINDY DEINA FARTO
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EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN WATER COLLECTIONS IN THE GREATER JOÃO PESSOA REGION PB
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Data: 27/03/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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The Emerging Contaminants (ECs) comprise a broad class of substances of both anthropogenic and
natural origin, mainly represented by active pharmaceutical compounds, personal care products,
pesticides, illicit drugs, byproducts from water disinfection processes, industrial products, and
microplastics. ECs have become a relevant issue, particularly due to the increase in consumption and, consequently, the high production of these pollutants in contemporary society. These compounds can alter environmental characteristics and affect human health, even at low concentrations. The interest in studies related to the occurrence and effects in the environment is recent, and there is still a lack of data related to the occurrence of these contaminants in Brazil, especially in the state of Paraíba. Therefore, the quantitative determination of ECs in environmental matrices is of great importance as it enables the establishment of the true contamination scenario in the environment. In this context, this study aimed to assess the presence of ECs in water and sewage treatment plants in the water supply production area of Greater João Pessoa, state of Paraíba. Eleven compounds were investigated, including atrazine, 2,4-D, carbendazim, nimesulide, amoxicillin, sodium diclofenac, paracetamol, estrone, estradiol, 17-a-ethinylestradiol, and progesterone. Three collections were carried out throughout the year 2021 at the Gramame and Marés Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) and the Pedras de Fogo and Odilândia Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). The target compounds were extracted from the aqueous phase by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Analytical determinations were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the removal efficiencies of ECs in WTPs and STPs, removal efficiencies were calculated at the end of their respective treatments. Regarding water, the results revealed that, of the 11 compounds analyzed, only atrazine, 2,4-D, and carbendazim, contaminants belonging to the pesticide class, were identified in the Gramame WTP. Carbendazim was found in higher concentrations, ranging from 31.96 to 730.89 ng/L. Although detected, none of the ECs exceeded the limits set by MS Ordinance 888/2021, which establishes drinking water standards. In the Marés WTP, neither at the inlet nor at the outlet, any of the 11 contaminants were detected. Concerning sewage, of the 11 compounds analyzed, only 2,4-D and carbendazim were detected in both STPs. The other compounds were not detected. These results show that both water destined for public supply in Greater João Pessoa and the effluents are free from most of the ECs investigated in this study. Additionally, the removal efficiency of these compounds in WTPs and STPs, reaching up to 100%, as observed in the case of carbendazim in the Gramame WTP and Odilândia STP, and 2,4-D in both studied STPs, contributes to maintaining low levels. Therefore, this research provides valuable information regarding the presence and quantification of ECs in surface water collections, as well as in the water supply of Greater João Pessoa, contributing to understanding the contamination scenario in the region and emphasizing the ongoing importance of environmental
monitoring to ensure the quality of water resources.
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PALOMA MARA DE LIMA FERREIRA
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INCORPORATION OF REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS IN THE CALIBRATION OF A DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL
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Data: 27/03/2024
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Hora: 08:30
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The calibration of hydrological model parameters only based on the reproduction of the observed streamflow (Q) regime does not guarantee that the hydrological processes are satisfactorily represented. Alternatively, calibration with data on variables such as actual evapotranspiration (AET) and soil moisture (SM) obtained by remote sensing (RS) is a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional calibration. This research explores the value of combining RS products that reflect different components of the water balance, to constrain the parameter space of a distributed hydrological model. Different multi-objective calibration schemes are developed and applied for two river basins with different physical, climatic and hydrological characteristics (Piancó River Basin, in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, and the Grande River Basin tributary to Furnas, in the Southeast). Two spatial averaging and spatial distribution approaches were tested, and simple (flow only Q or AET or SM) and multivariable (Q, AET and SM) calibration procedures were used in fourteen calibration procedures that incorporate streamflow (Q) and three satellite products (AET estimated by the MOD16 algorithm - MODerateresolution Imaging Spectroradiometer product 16; and by GLEAM - Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model; and the SM estimated by the European Space Agency in Climate Change Initiative program - ESA CCI). The large-scale hydrological model MGB was adapted to work with such calibration schemes, being run in a daily time step from 2001 to 2011. The incorporation of the AET of MOD16 did not help to improve the performance of the hydrological model regardless of the configuration of calibration when applied to the semi-arid basin, with better performance for the Furnas basin. The introduction of AET estimates from GLEAM as a calibration variable led the hydrological model to reproduce these AET values more closely and, at the same time, better represent the observed Q for both study areas. The results of the multivariate calibration with Q, AET and SM show that gains in soil moisture and evapotranspiration performance resulted in decreases in flow performance. The findings of this research highlight the benefit of incorporating AET and SM as calibration variables to improve overall hydrological model performance, which can even outperform calibration based on flow alone. However, there is a need to test different calibration configurations and different RS data sources, which can result in very contrasting results.
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MILLENA DAYSE BARBOSA DA SILVA
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OPTIMIZATION OF WATER TREATMENT AT AÇUDE GRANDE (CAJAZEIRAS-PB)
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Data: 26/03/2024
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Hora: 16:00
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Optimization of the treatment of Açude Grande's water (Cajazeiras - PB) The Açude Grande is located in the interior of the state of Paraíba, where there is a predominant scarcity of water and long periods of drought. Furthermore, the water body is part of the urbanization process of the city of Cajazeiras and was built with the purpose of supplying the local population. However, over the years, the intensification of human interference has led to the deterioration of the environmental quality of its waters. In light of this, the present research aimed to optimize two treatment technologies for Açude Grande's waters using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) coupled with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).In this context, the efficiency of the adsorption process using powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and true color was analyzed. The chosen independent variables were the adsorbent concentration and pH. On the other hand, the efficiency of the clarification steps (coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation) using aluminum sulfate was examined in the removal of turbidity and apparent color, with variations in aluminum sulfate concentration and pH. The filtration step was simulated in two filter prototypes: the single-layer filter composed of gravel and sand and the double-layer filter composed of gravel, sand, and PAC.The results showed that, in the adsorption technique, the PAC particles incorporated into the treated samples, causing a significant increase in COD in the assays. Additionally, the generated statistical models were not satisfactory. Regarding the efficiency of the clarification steps in conventional treatment, it was found that, within the study range, the best result was obtained at a coagulant concentration of 60 mg.L-1 and pH of 6 (test 3). This resulted in a turbidity removal of 67.303% and an apparent color removal of 78.13%, meeting the turbidity parameter within the limits set by Ordinance No. 888/2021. Concerning the filtration process, the single-layer filter proved to be the best proposal from a sanitary and economic perspective, resulting in a faster filtration rate and good efficiency in removing suspended solids and organic matter from the studied samples. In conclusion, the conventional full-cycle process emerged as a promising technique for treating Açude Grande's waters.
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ANA PAULA CAMPOS XAVIER
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PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE FUTURE IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN LAND USE AND CLIMATE IN THE EPITÁCIO PESSOA RESERVOIR BASIN.
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Data: 26/03/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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The semi-arid region of Brazil is one of the most affected by water scarcity, mainly due to high evapotranspiration rates and several drought events. Therefore, studies related to changes in the behavior of water volume in reservoirs are extremely important for these regions. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the water volume of the Epitácio Pessoa reservoir from 2030 to 2060, considering population growth, changes in land use and occupation and climate change. Thus, in general, the study was composed of the following methodological steps, namely: (a) estimation of water consumption for future human supply from 2030 to 2060; (b) prediction of land use and occupation for 2060 in the Epitácio Pessoa reservoir basin, using the model based on a neural network - MLP, taking into account the 1987, 2001 and 2018 maps of land use and coverage in the basin; (c) analyze temperature and precipitation variability between 2030 and 2060, based on climate change scenarios and models projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); (d) simulate the influent flows of the Epitácio Pessoa reservoir from 2030 to 2060 with the SWAT hydrological model and (e) estimate the water volume of the Epitácio Pessoa reservoir from 2030 to 2060. The results obtained showed a predisposition for the increase in the agriculture and pasture class, and a significant reduction for the open tree-shrub caatinga class for the year 2060. Climate change projections showed that for drier periods, the MCAs predict even drier months in the basin, comparing with baseline precipitation, with the months of September to November being the most critical. The high emissions scenario (SSP585) estimates higher temperatures for all models analyzed, with a maximum temperature of around 34ºC, with the month of December being the hottest. Furthermore, in most months, the GFDL-ESM4 model presented higher values for maximum temperature in the basin. Hydrological modeling showed results considered satisfactory, presenting R² and Nash above 0.5, especially in the calibration and validation stage at the Caraúbas station. Considering the increased average flow of the PISF, population growth of 19.48% and water consumption of 203,033.72 m³/day for 2060, the study showed critical periods between the years 2042 and 2049, with water quantity below the dead volume Furthermore, the SSP585 scenario still predicts a critical situation for the year 2059.
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THUANNY KELLY FERREIRA DA SILVA
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EVALUATION OF THE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTE: STRATEGIES FOR THE BIOECONOMY IN THE CITY OF JOÃO PESSOA PB.
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Orientador : CLAUDIA COUTINHO NOBREGA
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Data: 26/03/2024
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Hora: 09:30
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Currently, organic solid waste (OSW) has been a prominent topic in global discussions, as it represents not only an environmental issue but also a socio-economic challenge. It is classified in
various studies as the largest fraction in the composition of Urban Solid Waste (USW). Based on
this, this research aimed to identify the generation and disposal of organic waste in the city of João
Pessoa, PB. It analyzed, through administered questionnaires, the behavior of the population in the
commercial sector (bars and restaurants), the hotel sector, and market vendors regarding these
issues. The goal is to provide information that contributes to waste management and the bioeconomy of the city. The results show that, in the current scenario, education is not directly
linked to how individuals engage with the topic. Similarly, it highlights the lack of information
about the management of organic solid waste (OSW), as well as the weakness of more targeted
public policies on the subject and the need for policies that encourage and enforce compliance.
Consequently, it is inferred that waste management in the city of João Pessoa lacks the development
and/or implementation of public policies that encourage and bring tangible benefits to the population. The focus should always be on environmental education for awareness and information
dissemination, starting from basic education. This involves introducing and assisting in the use of
more sustainable techniques such as composting and energy recovery, emphasizing their environmental and socio-economic benefits, thereby strengthening the bioeconomy.
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ALDILENE BEZERRA PINHEIRO
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Analysis of the Reverse Flow of Post-Consumer Batteries in the City of João Pessoa PB
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Data: 22/03/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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In recent decades, accelerated technological development, mass consumption and shorter product life cycles have led to an increase in the consumption and disposal of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). When they reach the end of their useful life, these products become waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Batteries, which are part of this category of waste, can contain heavy metals which, when disposed of inappropriately, because they contain bioaccumulative elements, cause damage to human health and the environment. With this in mind, this study aims to identify the reverse flow of post-consumer batteries in João Pessoa - PB in order to provide information that will contribute to the reverse logistics system for this waste in the city. To this end, data was collected from a sample of 400 inhabitants, by contacting battery users using an online form; surveying and verifying the activities of the voluntary battery drop-off points (PEVs) registered with Green Eletron; and installing a model PEV, the result of a partnership between the TREE extension project and the Paraíba Data Processing Company (CODATA). Most of the participants in the survey dispose of batteries in ordinary household waste (62.6%), rate the provision of disposal information in establishments as poor (50.5%), and are unaware of the existence of PEVs in the city (67.3%). They have some knowledge of the risks of incorrect disposal and the legal instruments available, but report that the lack of voluntary battery drop-off points would be one of the main difficulties for proper disposal. Of the total, only 20.8% claimed to dispose of batteries at PEVs. Of the PEVs registered, only 19 showed active collection and of these only 13 had a collector in a visible place that was easily accessible to the public. In 210 days of collection at CODATA's PEV, a total of 17.535 kg of postconsumer batteries were obtained, accounting for 1,172 units, representing around 94.36% of the expected amount, with around 0.085 kg per capita. Some of the improvements for the implementation and success of reverse logistics are related to the installation of new PEVs for batteries in strategically located neighborhoods, greater publicity for existing points, environmental awareness activities, and it is possible to think of public policies that invest in some sort of bonus system, serving as an incentive for consumers to dispose of batteries.
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EDUARDO GONCALVES PATRIOTA
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Analysis of patterns, drivers and trends of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) in Brazil
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Data: 06/03/2024
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Hora: 14:30
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The expansion of urban areas occurs by changing natural surfaces, bringing environmental effects like modifications in the surface energy balance and the formation of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs). The spatial-temporal variation of SUHIs intensities (SUHIIs) and their relationship with surface biophysical parameters in Brazilian metropolitan regions (MRs) need to be better explored, especially taking into consideration the continuous monthly and annual evolution of urbanisation. This study aims then to provide baseline information on the influence of urbanisation in the expansion of SUHIs and the variability of biophysical parameters in twenty-one major Brazilian MRs from 2003 to 2022. We used land surface temperature (LST) data from MODIS (MOD11A2 and MYD11A2) sensors to continuously quantify the daytime and nighttime SUHIIs. Spectral reflectance from MODIS (MOD09Q1, MYD09Q1, MOD09A1, and MYD09A1) and reanalysis data (GLDAS 2.1 and ERA5-Land) were used to access the variability of Enhanced Vegetation Index-2 (EVI2), surface albedo (α), urban areas (UAs) growth, surface net radiation (Rn), and actual evapotranspiration (ET) at 250-m spatial resolution. The Mann-Kendall trend test was applied for all variables, and their relationships with LST were investigated through Pearson correlation (r), determination coefficient (R2) and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The results show that the SUHIs were 60% (1.64 ºC) higher during the daytime, with significant growth trends along the studied period and more pronounced monthly seasonal variations in higher latitudes MRs holding subtropical climate zones. The UAs showed to be more influential on LST during daytime, with the association of LST with EVI2 and α playing a fundamental role in regulating the urban climate. The results also demonstrated that increasing ET potentially mitigates LST, especially during the daytime. Rn highest influenced the nighttime LST, leading to a higher availability of sensible heat during this period. The results found from this study provide a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the spatiotemporal dynamics of SUHIIs in the largest MRs of Brazil, contributing valuable insights for urban planning and climate mitigation strategies.
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WELKY KLEFSON FERREIRA DE BRITO
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THICK BEAMS AND PLATES ON KERRS FOUNDATIONS: BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FORMULATIONS
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Data: 01/03/2024
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Hora: 14:00
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Studies of single or double structural systems have been constantly developed by many researchers, due to their extensive practical application in engineering problems. A breve review of the literature shows the most common elastic foundation used are Winkler and Pasternak models. Surprisingly, few studies deal with the Kerr elastic layer. Commonly, exact or FEM solutions are used to solve these problems. This thesis presents the direct Boundary Element Method (BEM) formulation for bending analysis the beams and thick plates on Kerr foundation and double-beam system connected by a Kerr elastic layer. Fundamental solutions, integral equations and algebraic equations are derived and explicitly shown. Presented numerical results in this thesis shows the accuracy of the technique and the elegance of the solutions proposed.
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LUANA VARELA MIRANDA
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DEVELOPMENT OF PRECAST BLOCKS BASED ON RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE PRODUCED FROM HOT MIXING.
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Data: 02/02/2024
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Hora: 09:00
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In order to guarantee low ecological impact composites, the present study aims to develop
a new composite material consisting of stone dust and gravel in brick format, bound together by recycled polypropylene through heat treatment aiming for application in masonry in civil
construction. A systematic review was carried out to incorporate into the study a broad view of the data available in the literature regarding the manufacture and characterization of polymer composites. With the main focus of promoting studies on the composite using the polymer in different proportions - 15%, 25% and 35% by weight - as an optimizing form for future applications in favor of high resistance and low permeability, the blocks were molded and pressed in an own machinery developed for this purpose and the research was based on an adapted methodology involving tests of simple compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, water absorption by immersion, optical microscopy, among other tests to characterize the materials involved, such as the creep of polypropylene and thermal analyzes of thermogravimetry and its derivative (TGA AND DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Different aggregate contents 28%, 37.5% and 57% were used to prepare the composite. The results showed that the mechanical strength of the brick became increasingly dependent on the polypropylene content, reaching around 18 MPa for compressive strength and 4 MPa for flexural tensile strength, as the voids were filled with polymer, reaching a maximum absorption of around 5% and a maximum degree of saturation of 28%. On the
other hand, the gradation of the aggregates was found to play a significant role in the strength of the blocks. Thus, it is noteworthy that the composites, mainly of the 35% recycled polypropylene type with fine grain size, showed satisfactory behavior in terms of resistance parameters, as well as in terms of compactness and water absorption standards, which justify their use in structures and construction elements.
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GUSTAVO RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN
OF THE CAPIBARIBE RIVER PE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF CORDEX PROJECTIONS INTO THE SYSTEM SUPer
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Data: 01/02/2024
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Hora: 08:00
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Climate change poses a significant threat to water resources, intensifying extreme climate events and altering temperature and precipitation patterns. This issue can compromise water availability, requiring sustainable approaches and effective adaptations to address emerging water challenges. This study provides an analysis of the potential impacts of these changes on the water balance of the Capibaribe River Basin, located in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, considering the relationships between climate patterns, evapotranspiration, and hydrological flows. Simulations were conducted through the Hydrological Response Unit System for Pernambuco (SUPer), utilizing SWAT modeling as the foundational mechanism. Hydrological scenarios were generated from CORDEX projections within the 2030-2099 timeframe, under the RCP8.5 scenario, offering a detailed insight into possible future hydrological conditions in the basin. To address this issue, the research adopted the tool of sensitivity and climate variability analyses, using statistics from climate projections to feed into SUPer. Projections were derived from annual averages across all points along the basin, grouped in decadal intervals, providing a detailed analysis of future climate patterns. By applying sets of climate projections, the study mapped increases in potential and actual evapotranspiration rates compared to the reference water balance. Among the seven contexts analyzed, scenario
number 4, corresponding to the 2060-2069 decade, stands out as the most critical, presenting the highest percentage growth in actual evapotranspiration (8.40%). In all situations, even with an increase in rainfall volumes, a simultaneous rise in actual evapotranspiration was observed, highlighting the complexity of the interaction between temperature and precipitation. The results also reveal a concerning trend of up to a 4 °C increase in average temperature by the end of the century, consequently elevating atmospheric water demand and emphasizing the critical need for specific adaptive strategies in the face of climate change.
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CASSIO KAIQUE DA SILVA
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RAIN EROSIVITY, SOIL AND NUTRIENT LOSS UNDER VARIABLE CLIMATE AND ANTHROPIC ACTIVITIES IN THE APODI-MOSSORÓ BASIN BETWEEN 1983-2018
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Data: 31/01/2024
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Hora: 16:30
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Climate variability, intensified by anthropogenic pressures, worsens soil loss. Changes in
rainfall and temperature patterns exacerbate erosion, while human activities like deforestation and improper agriculture speed up degradation. This synergy threatens ecosystems, decreases agricultural productivity, and demands sustainable management actions. Furthermore, the erosivity of rainfall directly impacts soil and nutrient loss, a serious environmental and agricultural issue. Intense rains disaggregate soil, dragging particles and essential nutrients, harming fertility and productive capacity. Management and conservation strategies are crucial to mitigate these effects. In this sense, this work investigated the spatio-temporal variation of rainfall erosivity and its impacts on soil loss in a typical Brazilian semiarid basin, the case of the Apodi-Mossoró River basin between 1983 and 2018. For this study, the materials and methods used were: (1) modeling soil and nutrient losses using the SWAT model, (2) determining the erosivity of precipitation, (3) analyzing modeling performance indices. The estimate of soil and nutrient losses was analyzed based on data from the Pau dos Ferros, Pedra de Abelhas, Governador Dix-Sep Rosado, and Mossoró fluviometric stations for the period between 1983 and 2018. The main results obtained in
this research showed that the simulated flows overestimated compared to the observed flows. This graphical discrepancy is notable, especially the maximum simulated flow of 761.8 m3/s, in contrast to the observed flow of 210.24 m3/s, as well as the average simulated flow of 84.16 m3/s, compared to the observed flow of 19.39 m3/s. However, it is important to note that, at the Pedra de Abelhas and Governador Dix-Sep Rosado stations, a correlation coefficient greater than 0.6 was achieved. The estimated soil loss and observed values revealed significant discrepancies, with an error of approximately 47.6%. The average phosphorus loss was 0.21 mg P/L. It can be concluded that climatic variability and changes in land use lead to sensitive impacts on soil and nutrient losses in the Apodi-Mossoró River basin during the analyzed period.
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PEDRO HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS PEREIRA
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MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS FOR PRIORITIZING URBAN ROADS CANDIDATES FOR REQUALIFICATION AS COMPLETE STREETS
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Data: 29/01/2024
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Hora: 13:30
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Multimodal streets with a focus on active transportation in conjunction with transportation
collective play an important role in the search for urban development sustainable. Brazilian cities, such as João Pessoa, lack policies more effective and formal processes to support decision-making, which consider the multiple intervening factors and different opinions for the development of a sustainable transport system. In this sense, the concept of Complete Streets and multi-criteria analysis (MCDA) methods are of great value. Therefore, the research aimed to collaborate in decision-making processes related to the management of urban transport, more precisely road infrastructure, with a focus on promoting more democratic and equitable routes for different users and modes of transport. To this end, a process was proposed for prioritizing road segments in terms of their potential for requalification as a complete street, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, with reference to studies developed in Canada and adapted for the city of Recife/PE and in Iran. The proposed structure was composed of three objectives and eight criteria, namely, considering: i) the geometric characteristics of the streets, through the criteria of width and connectivity; ii) circulation and road safety factors, through the criteria of bus network, cycle network, road safety and pedestrian flow; and, iii) the attractions of the location, through the criteria of afforestation and land use (street). The importance (weights) of the objectives and criteria was defined in consultation with eleven professionals involved in transport engineering and urban planning. From the aggregation of individual opinions, the use of land (street) was found to be the most relevant criterion for achieving the general objective of the work. The cycling network was the one that had the lowest weight assigned. Also, considering the proposed structure, it was possible to collect data and characterize segments of paved streets in four neighborhoods of João Pessoa: Anatólia, Bancários, Castelo Branco and Jardim São Paulo, regarding the attributes representing the criteria. This characterization made it possible to identify some deficiencies in the region, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure for active and public transport and the need for more trees in public circulation spaces, in order to stimulate the flow of pedestrians on the streets. Finally, by aggregating the vector of weights of the criteria with the attributes of the analyzed road segments, it was possible to establish a list of priority segments to receive requalification projects considering the concept of Complete Streets. In the list it was noticed that the priority segments are located on the main road axes, with the majority located in the Banking and Castelo Branco neighborhoods.
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